Retail grocery industry in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail grocery industry in Australia - Essay Example There are a few publicly listed supermarket based chains, global operators and wholesaler managed chains that operate in the industry and offer grocery foods in varied retail formats. These assorted retailers contend with more than 30,000 specialty food offering businesses including shopfronts and multiple franchise based operators (Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). The prime objective of this study is to analyse the retail grocery industry in Australia in keeping with micro and macro-economic factors. Market Structure–Production Sector Nature of Production Nature of production in any industry bears a major impact on the overall cost of the produced offerings owing to the fact that it entails crucial constituents such as value addition components, stock control and production operations. In terms of stages of production, it is determined that a number of goods pass through diverse stages of production. Mainly, there are three production stages categorised under primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary: This stage entails the extraction of different raw materials from the soil. In relation to grocery retail industry, the primary offerings include food as well as non-food items that are prepared from the scratch with the aid of procuring different raw materials (Bized, 2012). Secondary: This stage entails converting raw materials into other related offerings. With regard to grocery retail industry in Australia, the organisations focus on providing high quality processed products through the use of required materials (Bized, 2012). Tertiary: This particular stage involves services provided to the business and consumers. This phase is mainly identified as a part of service industry. The Australian grocery retail industry emphasizes efficient handling of variable costs arising from providing quality services by generating greater footfall in the stores by enhanced consumer footfall. It also focuses on ensuring economies of scale along wi th rendering in-store services (Bized, 2012; Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). Factors Differentiating the Market Australian grocery retail market can be differentiated through three major factors that include price differentiation, product differentiation and market segmentation. The marketers operating in the grocery retail market in Australia aim to differentiate their offering by targeting high quality assorted products for their identified target markets. Price Differentiation: Price discrimination or differentiation is referred as the quality of an exporter to fix the price in terms of market scenario. This behaviour notifies the exporter to exchange the rate by changing the price of its products. In certain terms, it can be said that price discrimination is the theory of changing prices for different consumers. In Australian grocery retail market perspective, price discrimination plays a vital role. Price differentiation is essentially divided into three parts that include first-degree price discrimination, second-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination. In Australian grocery retail market, the price discrimination is very much important for the strategies adopted by the suppliers

Mass programming Essay Example for Free

Mass programming Essay PLDs are standard ICs, available in standard configurations. They are sold in high volume to many different customers. PLDs may be configured or programmed to create a part customized to a specific application. They have a single large block of programmable interconnect and consist of a matrix of logic macrocells that usually consists of programmable array logic followed by a flip-flop or latch. Types of PLDs are PROM, EPROM, PAL and PLA. PROM uses metal fuse that can be blown permanently. EPROM uses programmable MOS transistors whose characteristics are altering by applying a high voltage. PAL or Programmable Array Logic consists of a programmable AND logic array or AND plane, and fixed OR plane. PLA or Programmable Logic Array has a programmable AND plane followed by programmable OR plane. Based on type of programming PLDs may be classified as Erasable PLD (EPLD) and Mask-programmed PLD. It is characterized by customized mask layer and logic cells (Smith, 1997: 14). (Smith, 1997) Advantages Fast design turnaround. Disadvantages Mass programming is not possible. It is more complex than PLDs. A field programmable gate array is a VLSI circuit that can be programmed in the user’s location. A typical FPGA consists of an array of hundreds or thousands of logic blocks surrounded by programmable input and output blocks and connected together via programmable interconnections. There is a wide variety of internal configuration within these devices. The performance of each device depends on the circuit contained in their logic blocks and their efficiency of their programmed inter connections. Here none of mask layers are customized. There exists a method for programming basic cells and the interconnect. The core of FPGA is a regular array of combinational and sequential programmable basic logic cells. It has a matrix of programmable interconnect that surrounds the basic cells and programmable I/O cells around the core. A typical FPGA block consists of look up tables, multiplexers, gates and flipflops. The look up table is a truth table stored in a SRAM and provides a combinational circuit functions for the logic blocks. These functions are realized from the truth table stored in the SRAM (Smith, 1997: 16). (Smith, 1997) Advantages Design turnaround is a few hours The truth table can be re-programmable. Easy to layout on PCBs. Disadvantages The memory is volatile and presents the need for the look up table content to be reloaded when power is disrupted. Routing is easily blocked. The design requires extensive CAD tools to facilitate the synthesis procedure. FPGAs may be broadly classified as homogenous and heterogeneous FPGAs. As the name implies homogenous consists of only one type of logic cell and heterogeneous contains different types of logic cells. They can also be classified as Island type, Hierarchical and Row based FPGAs. Island Type FPGA It is common to Xilinx and Altera. Here, the logic blocks are arranged in a matrix form. They are interconnected by horizontal and vertical routing wires. The routing wires are connected using programmable routing switches. (Sharma, 2005) Hierarchical FPGAs It comprises of a tree based interconnect structure. The leaves represent logic blocks. Two types of connecting boxes are present. The hexagon shaped boxes represent non compressing switches (no. of root going tracks = twice the no. of incoming tracks) and the diamond shaped boxes represent compressing switches (no. of root going tracks = no. of incoming tracks).

Anti-Federalist :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most Americans were very suspicious of government, but the Anti- Federalist was really mistrustful of the government in general and strong national government. This mistrust was the basis of their opposition to the constitution. They feared it had created a government the people could not control. Many distinguished Americans were Anti-Federalists. Leaders included George Mason and Elbridge Gerry. Both attended the Philadelphia Convention but had refused to sign the constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Anti-Federalist argued that the Constitution had many flaws. The thought that it should have been developed in meetings whose proceedings was open to the public. And it would undermine a republican form of government. It gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the powers of state governments. It gave too much power to the executive branch of the national government at the expense of the other branches. It gave too much power because of the â€Å"necessary and proper clause.† It did not adequately separate the powers of the executive and legislative branches. In addition, it allowed the national government to keep an army during peacetime. And also it did not include a bill of rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They feared that because of these flaws in the Constitution, the new national government would be a threat to their national rights. They also thought that the constitution had been developed by an elite and privileged group to create a national government for the purpose of serving its own selfish interest. They thought the only safe government that if it had a local and closely linked with the will of the people. And controlled by the people, by such means as we have yearly elections and replacing peopled in key positions often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federalist knew that many members of Congress and the state governments were against the new Constitution, largely because it reduced their powers. So the federalist decided not to ask the Congress or state governments to approve the Constitution, even though they were expected to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, now that the Constitution has worked successfully for 200 years, it would be easy to ignore the anti-federalist of 1787 and 1788 as an unimportant historical force, a collection of no constructive reactionaries and cranks. Actually, the anti-federalist may well have represented the views of the majority of the Americans, whose reasons for preferring the old Articles of Confederation were firmly within the democratic tradition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Among the anti-federalist were fiery old patriot leaders who feared

How My Academic Background Will Help Me

The centerpiece of my college education was that it offered me a chance to read extensively, develop writing skills and learn to think logically, coherently and analytically. I developed and nurtured these skills inadvertently by participating in class discussions, group work and research papers. These tools have subsequently been useful in my personal and work experiences. The breadth and depth of my college curriculum offered me the chance to take classes that cut across a broad spectrum of academic disciplines. The relevance of such a broad educational preparation to management is that it helps widen the horizon of analytical, service and product possibilities. Nevertheless, I was cognizant of the need for me to acquire work experience to help ground my education in a practical framework prior to enrolling in graduate school. My choice of management as the area of career interest was not fortuitous. My relentless participation in extracurricular activities in college and the insights I gained helping my mother in her small business helped galvanize my interest in management training and MBA education. Hence my interest in a finance and brokerage operations work after college. By virtue of my three-year work experience, I have been exposed to several management challenges and opportunities. Perhaps most importantly, the challenges have reinforced my interest to seek modern management solutions. I am intrigued by the manner in which the various facets of management affect each other including finance, operations, human resources, marketing, strategy and information technology. My career plan has been to seek different experiences by virtue of six-month stints in different departments. In this connection, I have had assignments in corporate finance, brokerage and human resources, culminating in my current position in back-office operations and settlement. In the above roles, certain characteristics have been apparent to me as critical success factors. I have learned that the attributes of teamwork, initiative, sense of urgency and leadership are at the core of success in management activities. In graduate business school, I would seek to explore the intricacies of modern business management efforts, challenges and opportunities. Moreover, I intend to learn about the relationships of the various disciplines within management and how their interplay may be optimized to benefit a particular entity.

children’s picture books

Picture books are intended to demo kids how to deduce pleasance from reading. They fuse humourous secret plans with capturing illustrations in order to keep the attending of the kid. The add-on of images can increase the length of service of a book ‘s involvement ; they are designed to be read over and over once more and therefore the kid needs to be provided with something more than a simplistic plot line. Picture books besides encourage verbal interaction and reading aloud with a parent in order to develop a kid ‘s assurance before the inevitable ‘reading aloud ‘ lessons at school. Verbal sleight is an of import accomplishment to develop and regards literacy. The function of illustrations in this medium is chiefly to supply excess stimulation although, like music and wordss, they each become every bit of import as the other. Some writers are synonymous with illustration manners such as Roald Dahl and Quentin Blake who form a cohesive force in stimulating lit erature for older kids. It is in this very stimulation that the function of image books in the development of literacy can genuinely be seen. Art and literature are effectual signifiers of look, which can be combined to great consequence to better apprehension, and as E.M. Forster pondered â€Å"How can I know what I think until I see what I say? † The resistance to visualize books, a apparently unoffending artistic enterprise to the untrained oculus, is surprisingly fierce. Protheroe ( 1992, p.7 ) considers image books the â€Å"banner at the caput of the present relentless patterned advance towards educational failure† which originated to stamp down the vocabulary of the working categories. She voices concern that by supplying kids with images they are being discouraged to visualize things for themselves ; their imaginativeness is stunted. Yet, a John Vernon Lord explains in his talk, the bulk of his images are born from his imaginativeness instead than from life so how could something so innately inventive dissuade similar idea? In add-on, even with the most apparently basic of image books, such as Rosie's Walk, there is ever something else to add. For illustration, Rosie ‘s Walk, has apparently small secret plan ( it is a affair of pages long and merely accounts a biddy walking through a farmyard ) nevertheless, the images provide a whole new kingdom of possibility for the imaginativeness. Although Rosie does non interact with any other animate beings, she passes several, many of whom witness the trials of the fox. As a kid surveies the images they can contrive reactions and full lives for the sub-characters. The toads are sent winging as the fox muffs and dips into the pool – did the toads think this was ill-mannered? Did the fox apologise? The caprine animal who grazes by the hayhock is seen in the background of a ulterior scene, watching the fox acquire struck by the falling flour – was the caprine animal amused? Concerned for Rosie? Vernon Lord and Burroway demonstrate a acute oculus for item and supply the kid with an chance to believe outside the information with which they are ab initio presented. This is particularly true of a brief narrative like Rosie ‘s Walk as the kid will about surely grow accustomed to the secret plan after several readings and expression for other stimulation in the narrative. In direct contrast to Protheroe ‘s concerns, it seems that images, used skilfully, could in fact promote a higher degree of shrewdness from a kid who would hold long become tired of the few words in Rosie ‘s Walk if it lacked images. However, to assume that a image book may be wholly simplistic or patronize the potency of a kid possibly underestimates the writer. For illustration, in Rosie ‘s Walk, the kid is placed in a senior place of cognition in comparing to the supporter. Hutchins credits the reader as the omniscient being while Rosie remains blissfully incognizant of her chaser. The comedy of this narrative besides provides many degrees. On the surface, there is the authoritative slapstick comedy as the fox collides with a profligate. Slapstick creates the instantaneous temper and entreaties to child-like love of anticing in both kid and grownup. But it is non merely physical comedy. The shutting line â€Å"and got back place safely† creates humour out of anticlimax every bit good as alleviation. The narrative is tenseness built upon tenseness with the consecutive quandaries reminiscent of the subsequent Wile E. Coyote and Roadrunner sketchs created by Warner Brothers in which a famished prairie wolf pursues a fast paced bird with progressively luxuriant stunts in each episode but to no help. However, this construction seems more suited to the image book as even the action of turning the page drives the narrative and dictates a slower gait. The pages serve as a splitter, making little succinct scenes which help construct the beds before the flood tide . The interesting construction is rooted in this integrity of several unsafe scenes married with the shutting line which, like Rosie, seems incognizant that there was of all time any danger. Similarly, John Vernon Lord explains the importance of the coaction between text and image arrangement in his talk sing The Giant Jam Sandwich: †¦ when text and image are depicting the same episode in the narrative I prefer to implement their physical relationship by puting them on the same page wherever possible. The interruptions in the text and the pictural presentation on each page need to follow the natural phases of the plot line. The tempo of the illustrations with the narrative is of the extreme importance†¦ This demonstrates how the narrative, text and image intertwine, congratulating one another in both manner and gait, to make a whole. This will be explored in greater deepness later. The most basic rule of image books is to advance literacy by doing books more appealing to kids. By doing the books non merely visually luring, but by supplying images to help less able readers, literature is made all the more accessible. Cullingford ( 1998, p.12-13 ) recognises that those kids who struggle with reading ab initio can experience like failures at a really immature age which can consequence their relationship with reading for life. They can get down to see literature as sole. By supplying kids with familiar image narratives instead than confusing cuneuss of text, they can slowly construct the foundation for a love of reading which, as their assurance improves, will actuate them to near more â€Å"unreliable† , disputing tomes in ulterior life. Bettina Hurlimann expresses her position that images are the cosmopolitan linguistic communication and therefore embrace all kids irrespective of academic ability or linguistic communication: by optimising handiness kids wi ll hold a healthier relationship with books. Protheroe ( 1992 p.111 ) accepts the premiss of the image book to publicize reading a enjoyable but besides accuses this peculiar avenue of denying the potency of books and linguistic communication by proposing that words merely have one significance. This, nevertheless, seems a small dramatic. Picture books aimed at 0-5 twelvemonth olds larning to read make frequently merely have one significance, any more than that is normally directed at the grownup. For illustration, in The Giant Jam Sandwich the town of Rubing Down is described as â€Å"not a really bristly town† . As they have merely rid themselves of 1000s of WASP, the kid will take that subdivision to intend that the town did non appreciate being overrun by WASP ; they were non pro-wasps. It is improbable that a kid under five would be familiar with the â€Å"petulantly spiteful† definition of bristly but the grownup might deduce some pleasance from the word drama. Hunt ( 1991, p.175 ) accepts and admires the si mpleness of the linguistic communication but feels that â€Å"much of the complexness is expressed by the ocular elements† . He suggests that literary techniques such as metaphor can be much more efficaciously demonstrated through the usage of images although, like Protheroe, he does admit the subsequent hazard that it â€Å"fix [ Es ] words into a restrictive, everyday interpretation† go forthing the kid no room to leave their ain significance onto words ; there is no room for tactic. The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle, in which a caterpillar munches his manner through a regular assortment of tasty dainties, chows two pears. The drama on the word â€Å"pair† and â€Å"pear† was about surely non intended for the three twelvemonth old but instead the individual assisting them to read. In add-on, this peculiar volume can be seen to integrate non merely verbal sleight but mathematical and elements of natural scientific discipline. The caterpillar chows an increasing figure of nutrients, which employs basic numeracy, and later transforms into a chrysalis, so into a butterfly as is the natural order. It seems that without images, this might be a difficult construct to explicate to a really immature kid. The vocabulary required with no ocular assistance might be rather burdensome and estranging ( non least due to the word chrysalis! ) and therefore the images make it a more accessible impression. As Hunt ( 1991, p.176 ) competently notes, it allows u s to â€Å"cross the boundary between the verbal and the pre-verbal† . It allows kids to progress in other capable countries at a younger age. However, Protheroe ( 1992, p.74 ) would reason that kids need to larn to get by with â€Å"uncertainty and accept ambiguity† as it allows them to rehearse illation. Hunt ( 1991, p.181 ) seems to experience that there is a happy medium, nevertheless, in which significance is limited but non prescribed. He feels that this is applicable to both images and words as each signifier can be used in a manner which is stilted or one that opens the floodgates of reading and creativeness. As Hunt ( 1991, p. 185 ) attests the â€Å"absence of words would hold provided a ‘gap' which takes intelligence and imaginativeness to fill† every bit would the absence of images ; working together, both serve their intent. Jane Doonan expresses the importance that pictures talk for themselves and non merely reenforce the words and this impression is the thought of the image book versus that of the illustrated narrative. Moebius ( 1986, p.132 ) articulates that â€Å"in the image book, we read the images and text together as the reciprocally complementary narrative of consciousness† with the â€Å"story ‘behind ‘ the image frequently supplied by the illustrator. He expresses certainty that image books are like any signifier of literature: â€Å" [ the construction ] is non inadvertent or causeless phenomena† . Every word and every coppice shot have a intent. Edmund Evans pioneered the entire design of the image book, doing it a individual cohesive mechanism instead than merely some text with some images. This dichotomy can be seen in The Giant Jam Sandwich in which most of the scenes depict the full town. The moral of the narrative is less to make with the nuisance of WASP and more about community spirit and working together. For this ground, John Vernon Lord has ensured that the bulk of the colorful scenes incorporate most of the town, each making their occupation: from the little miss with pigtails heaving one little jar of jam along ; to the adult male crouching, seeking to acquire a exposure of the bread transit for descendants. It is these bantam inside informations that engage the kid clip after clip – every bit good as the grownup. John Vernon Lord criticises his ain work in his talk, nevertheless, claiming â€Å"with hindsight I feel that the color strategy adopted for these images is excessively similar throughout the book† and it is with changeless fluctuation and bustling images that a kid becomes entranced. However, the images do non hold to be busy to be exciting. Rosie ‘s Walk employs apparently simplistic illustrations and, although attending is paid to the background action, the focal point is far more on the fox and the biddy. These two characters are at the head of most of the scenes with the on occasion cameo from characters, such as the caprine animal, who hover in the background. This, like in The Giant Jam Sandwich, mimics the content of the piece which is really self-contained about Rosie ‘s motions. She does non prosecute with the other characters and neither does the text. The manner is besides much more fantastical with the big overdone ears of the fox and the bold usage of coloring material contrasts. The vivacious yellows and pinks clash in the most aesthetically delighting manner which provides ocular stimulation for the kid. They are unusual color combinations, new and challenging. Similarly, the bulblike trees are decorated with apples in regimented lines instead than the natural sporadic sprinkling ; the all right line between faithful readings of familiar images with phantasy has been attractively encapsulated. Furthermore The Sick Cow, by H.E. Todd and Val Biro, follow all the hushed browns of a arcadian Eden. Of the three books, this is the most ‘realistic ‘ in manner as The Giant Jam Sandwich shies from excessively much facial item with the concentration being on big, busy scenes. Biro specializes in item from the pace of the tractor tyres to the mane of the Equus caballus although allows the background leaf to film over into rural repose. Queerly, nevertheless, despite being the most visually ‘naturalistic ‘ , its content is possibly the most irregular covering, as it does, the complaints of a barking cow who is cured by sitting in some nettles. However, in The Sick Cow, although the images attractively capture the provincial scenery, they do basically exemplify the text. There is no sense, as Moebius ( 1986, p.137 ) demands, of the â€Å"unseen over the seen† as with Rosie ‘s Walk. The same could, possibly, be said of The Giant Jam Sandwich ; the di fference being that, in the latter, there is merely lots to see. Fisher ( 2005, p. 192 ) rallies the benefits of exposing kids to images as â€Å"art can assist assimilation by developing perceptual sensitiveness and favoritism through the survey of signifier, coloring material, form and texture† . This suggests that the blurring in The Sick Cow or the plangency of The Giant Jam Sandwich could supply stimulation which specifically develops the academic capacity of the kid. Pat Hutchins, writer of Rosie ‘s Walk, is besides responsible for The House That Sailed Away and I ‘m the King of the Castle: and Other Plaies for Children which are far wordier illustrations of kids ‘s literature, set out as dramas. Blythe ( 2005, p.82 ) notes that promoting kids to joint is important for development every bit vocal experience supports larning by integrating linguistic communication into the ego. Similar encouragement can be seen in the direct address in The Giant Jam Sandwich every bit good as the animate being noises in The Sick Cow. Learning is believed to be received through the senses and therefore books which encourage verbal interaction are good as are image books which engage the ocular sense. In add-on to art and vocal experience, music is considered to be a powerful tool in mental well being and larning showing that stimulation is non restricted to literature entirely. It can be found in a figure of artistic chases. Tame ( 1984 ) lineations Dr. Tartchanoff ‘s scientific surveies into the consequence of music observing that â€Å"music exercises a powerful influence on muscular activity†¦ sounds are dynamogenic† and the pacing of stone music, for illustration, can be damaging to the digestive system. This physical manifestation is seconded by Blythe ( 2005, p. 82 ) who covers the neurological alterations when people sing or speak as a group: †¦ the cardinal nervous system activity becomes synchronal†¦ emphasis endocrines lessening, musculus tenseness decreases, more O enters the system. They feel high ; have a certain lucidity of head and sometimes physical vision†¦ Taking into history the ‘reading aloud together ‘ facet of image books which, harmonizing to this research, stimulates the encephalon for physical wellbeing every bit good as the work on animal acquisition, the image book is potentially an indispensable acquisition tool. Taking this thought farther, the lyrical nature of many image books should besides be noted. For illustration, The Giant Jam Sandwich employs rigorous pair rhyme strategy: †¦ Bap gave the instructions for the devising of the dough. â€Å"Mix the flour from above and yeast from below. Salt from the seaboard, H2O from the spout. Now thump it! Bump it! Bang it about! †¦ Even if this technique is non straight mentioned to the kid, it is transfusing cognition of beat into their subconscious. This could act upon a love of music which, harmonizing to Dr. Tartchanoff, could be good – depending on the genre. If it developed into a passion for group singing so Blythe surely notes the increased potency for acquisition, modeling the head to a relaxed province of peace and preparedness. If nil else, the poetry makes the narrative flow and engages the senses – which kid would non bask fall ining in with those jussive moods? In the chase of animal stimulation, The Very Hungry Caterpillar can be seen to assail the ocular sense and that of touch. The thick pages display the holes through which the caterpillar has eaten. The kid can jab fingers through the spread and experience as if the narrative is unknoting before their eyes. This is a really tame illustration compared to the modern books which employ sound effects and downy spots. Where does it stop? Books on which the kid can hold a nibble? Possibly the sight of reading itself is being lost in favor of instant satisfaction as is the nature of our society. One must oppugn if this affairs every bit long as kids are being engaged in literature in some manner. And whose face did non light up at the sight of a pop-up book? Making larning merriment and interactive is no new phenomena and should non needfully be seen as endangering. Peter Hollindale ( 1997, p.75 ) has faith that â€Å"children take from a narrative what they want and need† so possibly our changeless use of animal stimulation is ineffectual. Some kids may merely be predisposed to reading and others non regardless of whether books have images. It may merely be a instance of fostering bing endowment by orienting larning to the demands of the single kid. Protheroe ( 1992, p.48-49 ) has farther concerns that image books can be damaging to the development of a kid ‘s memory. She argues that it has â€Å"long been established that in human linguistic communication lexical use involves a nexus between a symbol and a construct, non a symbol and referent† ( p.73 ) . She cites that Bower and Winzenz conducted trials which linked memory to active find and word picture. Although there is a school of idea which rejects the thought that image books stunt imaginativeness, Bower and Winzenz ‘s findings can non be dismissed. Picture books work on the rule of memory association. One of the purposes, every bit good as general stimulation, is to supply the kid with a word and an image which they can associate in their encephalon so that the word and its significance will be easier to retain. Bower and Winzenz suggest that by striping the kid the personal image creative activity, the nexus with their memory will be broken. Word and image association is a common manner to beef up memory keeping as is repeat or the usage of active imaginativeness: using a personal image to what the word signifies to you. There are many recommended alteration techniques because memory plants otherwise from individual to individual and therefore Protheroe may be right in some instances but it seems prudent to presume that image association will besides assist some kids when larning to read. After such drawn-out treatment about the importance of stimulating and progressing the cognition of a kid comes Alfred Adler ( 1998, p.181 ) and his sentiment to encompass the simpleness of kids ‘s books. He recognises that to seek and speed up the acquisition of a kid at a immature age can be counter-productive: â€Å"All mentally indigestible mush ought to be kept out of kids ‘s reading until they have reached a certain age of adulthood. Unsuitable literature may either be misunderstood, or it may restrict developing societal interest† . While Protheroe flies the flag for reading, Adler highlights the possible booby traps of such a stance: the hazard of misconstruing taking to fear or disaffection. And possibly Adler high spots an interesting point about the aging procedure. Betty Friedan ( 1993, p. 50 & A ; p.74 ) explains that societal research has indicated that those who show the most doggedness in keeping on to the values they developed in childhood were mos t susceptible to mental instability later in life. This links with Freud ‘s theories of the importance of childhood and the in which people develop much of their personality really quickly in childhood and subsequent alterations in maturity are frequently no more than superficial. By rushing up this procedure even more by showing kids with progressively complex literature before they have reached that â€Å"certain age of maturity† that Adler alludes to, kids might develop excessively rapidly before they are ready to understand the branchings therefore seting them in a vulnerable psychological place in their grownup old ages. Conversely, if Freud ‘s theories about the importance of childhood development are to be subscribed to, it would besides be unsafe to stunt a child's cognition and understanding at such a important clip in their psychological growing. As Moebius ( 1986 ) notes, the image book should be preserved as â€Å"the last frontier of innocence† and, as such, should non be corrupted by being held under inordinate examination. In the chase of literacy the importance of stimulation must be stressed. An active encephalon will advance literacy or, at least, a thirst for instruction whether that is artistic, mathematical or scientific. Literacy is achieved through developing kids with a healthy relationship with books, whether they grow up to read Crime and Punishment or with a preference for Mills and Boone ; to implement a literary hierarchy would be a presentation of snobbism and artistic ignorance. Literacy is independent from the literary canon. Denying kids colorful images besides seems to propose that ocular art is non every bit valuable as literature which is likewise imbalanced. Children should larn that art is about equality and, although they can encompass their preferable medium, they should non dismiss other signifiers of look or see them inadequate. Uniting literature with images demonstrates the manner in which art signifiers can efficaciously interact. Art signifiers are non sole. Furthermore, if employing images to capture a kid besides inexplicably entwines their head with the text so, what is the injury? Many grownups reserve a particular topographic point in their Black Marias for their childhood front-runners: from Noddy to The Very Jolly Postman ; from The Mr. Men books to The Velvetine Rabbit: their love of reading may be pinpointed to these really personal businesss. It seems unjust to deny immature readers of today these warm, fuzzed memories of bright amusing images and exciting colorss for fright of patronizing them. Children should be allowed to be kids before the age of five instead than invariably forcing them to develop more quickly – if they are ready to progress so that could be nurtured on an single footing. The fact is, with kids, with people even, the manner in which a head works varies from individual to individual so it seems ineffectual to order an overall right or incorrect on image books. The matrimony of text and images will trip the imaginativeness of some kids while others will deduce stimulation from building clay pies in the garden. Modern kids shoul d non be robbed of the colors of artlessness ; even if the modern colors of artlessness come in the signifier of The Tweenies.

Vinyl or CD the age old debate essays

Vinyl or CD the age old debate essays At the beginning of the last decade of the Twentieth century a new media for the storage and playback of music came into the picture. The compact disc was a phenomenon of sorts, causing people to completely rebuild record collections that had taken years to build. It was a situation of, out with the old in with the new. There seemed to be no place for the vinyl records that had been so true to so many for so long. Compact discs do have several benefits over the vinyl records of the past, but there is also something about a record on vinyl that sets it apart from its digital counterpart. Convenience is likely the most noticeable benefit that compact discs have over vinyl records. They are easily stored in a binder or on a small shelf. You can load some stereos up with several at a time and have continuous play of music for hours with out having to deal with changing anything. The compact disk also brought the concept of quality sound out of the home and into the cars and walkways of the world, something the cassette never quite managed to do. Essentially for the busy lifestyle that was embodied by the nineties in America the compact disc made sense convenience wise. Before too long the major record companies stopped producing vinyl releases of many of the albums they released in favor of the new cheaper to produce compact discs. Less and less could you buy new releases on vinyl and even more rarely could you buy reissues of older albums. If you wanted to listen to new music or a copy of past favorite you were left with compact disc as the only quality choice. Therefore availability of new music became a strong benefit of compact discs. Another commonly mentioned benefit of compact discs is there durability and easy of care. You can play a compact disc millions of times and it will sound the same each and every time. They are susceptible to scratches and finger prints, but both are easily avoided ...

Doing it publicly essays

Doing it publicly essays With talk shows ruling day-time television, people are left with little choice but to watch this humiliating form of entertainment. Turn the television on in the afternoon and you will find a large variety of talk shows to choose from. "Maybe we have become a nation addicted to hearing our neighbors' seamy personal problems.Personally, I feel it is both the lack of choice and the attraction to other peoples problems. Many of the topics on talk shows are degrading to our society. If person came to America for the first time and watched television, they would probably see a talk show. The model a talk show would give of American society is horrifying. For example, a common talk show topic is teens having multiple sex partners at young ages. However, not all teens are sexually active at such a young age. For this reason talk shows are misleading not only to foreigners but to children and young adults who are learning about morals and our society. In a letter to the corporate CEO's distributing these programs, William Bennett and Senator Joseph Lieberman asked: "Would you want your young children to view a program showcasing the sexual adventures of a 14-year-old girl who married her 71-year-old foster father"(Flint and Wharton). To those who do not tune into these shows this discription may sound like an exaggeration; however, it is not. This is exactly the type of topics on some shows. Not only are half the shows ridiculous with topics of deceit, revenge and "extreme behavior", but some of them are false(Flint and Wharton). On the Jerry springer Show a Canadian comedy troupe went on the show and created a story. The story was that one of the men had an affair with his baby-sitter. After the show appeared on television, the troupe members went to the press saying how they deceived the program and its audience(You 52). Some people will do anything to be on television. Some shows trick peop...

Definition and Examples of Conjuncts in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Conjuncts in English Grammar In English grammar, a conjunct, from the Latin, join together, is a word, phrase, or clause linked to another word, phrase, or clause through coordination. For instance, two clauses connected by and (The clown laughed and the child cried) are conjuncts. It may also called a conjoin. The term conjunct can also refer to an adverbial(such as therefore, however, namely) that indicates the relationship in meaning between two independent clauses. The more traditional term for this kind of adverbial is conjunctive adverb. Examples (Definition #1) George and Martha dined alone at Mount Vernon.The back of my head and the head of the bat collided.The dogs barked furiously, and the cat scampered up the tree. Take, for instance, the following sentences from The Revolutionist, [one] of [Ernest] Hemingways short stories [from In Our Time]: He was very shy and quite young and the train men passed him on from one crew to another. He had no money, and they fed him behind the counter in railway eating houses.​​ (Jonathan Cape edn, p. 302) Even in the second sentence, the two clauses which form the conjunct are linked by and, and not, as one might expect in such a discourse context, by so or but. The suppression of complex connectivity in this way seems to have baffled some critics, with comments on the famous Hemingway and ranging from the vague to the nonsensical. (Paul Simpson, Language, Ideology and Point of View. Routledge, 1993) Coordinate Structure Constraint Although a wide variety of structures can be conjoined, not all coordinations are acceptable. One of the first generalizations regarding coordination is Rosss Coordinate Structure Constraint (1967). This constraint states that coordination does not allow for asymmetrical constructions. For example, the sentence This is the man whom Kim likes and Sandy hates Pat is unacceptable, because only the first conjunct is relativized. The sentence This is the man whom Kim likes and Sandy hates is acceptable, because both conjuncts are relativized. . . . Linguists are further concerned with which material is allowed as a conjunct in a coordinate construction. The second example showed conjoined sentences, but coordination is also possible for noun phrases as in the apples and the pears, verb phrases like run fast or jump high and adjectival phrases such as rich and very famous, etc. Both sentences and phrases intuitively form meaningful units within a sentence, called constituents. Subject and verb do not form a constituent in some frameworks of generative grammar. However, they can occur together as a conjunct in the sentence Kim bought, and Sandy sold, three paintings yesterday. (Petra Hendriks, Coordination. Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ed. by Philipp Strazny. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005) Collective and Average Property Interpretations Consider sentences such as these: The American family used less water this year than last year. The small businessperson in Edmonton paid nearly $30 million in taxes but only made $43,000 in profits last year. The former sentence is ambiguous between the collective and average property interpretations. It could be true that the average American family used less water this year than last while the collective American family used more (due to more families); conversely, it could be true that the average family used more but the collective family used less. As to the latter sentence, which is admittedly somewhat strange (but might be used to further the political interests of Edmonton businesspeople), our world [knowledge] tells us that the first conjunct of the VP must be interpreted as a collective property, since certainly the average businessperson, even in wealthy Edmonton, does not pay $30 million in taxes; but our world knowledge also tells us that the second of the VP conjunctions is to be given an average property interpretation. (Manfred Krifka et al., Genericity: An Introduction. The Generic Book, ed. by Gregory N. Carlson and Francis Jeffry Pelletier. The University of Chicago Pre ss, 1995) Interpreting Naturally and Accidentally Coordinated Noun Phrases [Bernhard] Wlchli ([Co-compounds and Natural Coordination] 2005) discussed two types of coordination: natural and accidental. Natural coordination refers to cases where two conjuncts are semantically closely related (e.g. mum and dad, boys and girls) and are expected to co-occur. On the other hand, accidental coordination refers to cases where the two conjuncts are distant from each other (e.g. boys and chairs, apples and three babies) and are not expected to co-occur. If the two NPs form natural coordination, they tend to be interpreted as a whole. But, if they are accidentally put together, they are interpreted independently. (Jieun Kiaer, Pragmatic Syntax. Bloomsbury, 2014) Declaratives Interrogatives Interestingly, an interrogative main clause can be co-ordinated with a declarative main clause, as we see from sentences like (50) below: (50) [I am feeling thirsty], but [ should I save my last Coke till later]? In (50) we have two (bracketed) main clauses joined together by the co-ordinating conjunction but. The second (italicised) conjunct should I save my last Coke till later? is an interrogative CP [complementiser phrase] containing an inverted auxiliary in the head C position of CP. Given the traditional assumption that only constituents which belong to the same category can be co-ordinated, it follows that the first conjunct I am feeling thirsty must also be a CP; and since it contains no overt complementiser, it must be headed by a null complementiser . . .. (Andrew Radford, An Introduction to English Sentence Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2009) Related Grammar Definitions Compound SentenceConjunction and Coordinating ConjunctionCorrelative Conjunctions

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Business Strategy - Essay Example Jayesh (2012) further added that strategic alliances differ from mergers and acquisitions on the aspect that under strategic alliances, the partner companies maintain their autonomy or independence, which is not usually the case under mergers and acquisitions. Secondly, companies that form strategic alliances are not usually involved in direct competition but rather they offer related products and/ or services that are directed towards similar target consumers. According to Dorata (2012), there are various forms of strategic alliances and they include direct cooperation, which is the most common. The second form of strategic alliance is joint ventures whereby different companies come together and form a separate entity that they jointly own and manage together. The other form of strategic alliance is minority investments mostly in new and fast growing business organisations. Advantages Dorata (2012) in his writings listed the most common advantages of strategic alliances of which one of them is the fact that it enables companies to offer a wide variety of goods and/ or services to their consumers without incurring huge cost or spending lengthy durations in developing new products. Secondly, Dorata (2012) noted that businesses usually enter into strategic alliances to obtain competitive advantages that they would not have otherwise obtained if they operated on a solo basis. Therefore, strategic alliances enable businesses to expand more rapidly while still maintaining their autonomy unlike mergers and acquisitions strategy. Consequently, it is correct to assert that strategic alliances enable businesses to expand its customer base since it is able to reach a wide target market. Specifically to the car industry, Jayesh (2012) stated that among the companies that have recorded competitive advantages because of strategic alliances include Fuji and Toyota, which have jointly cooperated in various projects. Fuji gained an advantage from its strategic alliance with To yota based on the research and development that was conducted by Toyota that lead to the development of the Toyota’s gas-electric Prius hybrid model. Because of their strategic alliance, Fuji was also able to develop their first Subaru hybrid mainly based on the Toyota technology that was used in the manufacture of first gas-electric car (Hill, 2010). Another strategic alliance in the car industry is the one between Fiat and Chrysler that enabled the two companies to share their technology, distribution channels, and vehicle platforms. This strategic alliance was viewed to be of much benefit to Chrysler, which was struggling financially at the time when both companies where entering a strategic alliance and therefore, it was able to gain added advantages without losing its independence despite its financial position at that time (Hill, 2010). Another example of strategic alliance that demonstrated the advantages of strategic alliance over mergers and acquisition is the one be tween General Motors and Fiat that enabled both companies to benefit from reduced cost of operating, common architecture and platforms, increased efficiency in financial service operations, and cross-sharing of automotive technologies (Hill, 2010). Disadvantages According to the writings by Dorata (2012), the key disadvantage of strategic alliance is because of the fact that neither of the companies gains

Why do firms exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why do firms exist - Essay Example A simple, yet, complete definition of firms may help in starting the debate about why they actually exist. Fisher, Prentice & Waschik (2010), define firm as â€Å"a group of workers and managers, collectively called labor, and a group of physical assets, like machinery in a manufacturing operation or computers in a service sector firm, collectively called capital, which produce goods and/or services (p. 14). This definition provides three major areas where people are involved with the firms. People, firstly, work for or manage the firms as labor, secondly they invest in businesses and firms to earn profits and giving firms the strength of progress in the form of capital, and lastly people use the products or services offered by the firms. Hence, our life is, in one way or the other, dependent on firms. It is a way of earning for one group and a way of gathering necessities of life for the other like food stuff, clothing, and professional services like legal, educational or healthcar e services and so on. Owing to the importance of firms in our regular activities and modern life, this paper aims to answer the question: why do firms exist? In doing so, this paper will provide perspectives of different researchers and their theories to justify the claims made. Theory of Firm Theory of firm necessitates by trying to predict how the business would carry out their prescribed strategies to achieve their ultimate goal and that is profit maximization. The theory of firm helps predict and explain other alternatives and decision made by the company. Traditionally it was based on having sole goal of profit maximization. But most recent analysis, theories and researches suggest that sales maximization or market share that is satisfying the needs of the customers along with satisfying its legitimate stake holders, combined with satisfactory profits may be the main purpose of businesses in short term as well as in long term to survive. Traditionally companies’ were fol lowing stock holder theory that is managers had one objective of maximizing share holder value. For example a company would not mind shutting down a branch in a region or country and resulting in thousands of people being unemployed and affecting the whole economy of that region or country. Despite these factors, the managers would have let the factory moved to another region or country because labor is cheap and plentiful there. Traditional theory suggested companies to disregard safety practices or other practices to preserve social responsibilities, according to theory, as they would have to spend money over it which reduces profit. However, if such avoidance of such actions charges the companies with substantial penalty or case file or dereputation resulting in more expenses (fines) than the companies were encouraged to provide equipment and running the safety policy. The risks of fewer sales by customer boycotting the company’s products are also avoided by adopting such practices in the modern business arena and companies would fall into instrumental form of skate holder theory (Schroeder, Clark, and Cathey 2010, pp. 124-128). Stake holder theory is referred as 21st century theory where the organizations are so large that they can affect the whole society significantly. This broader impact of organizational procedures and processes suggest that they cannot just be responsible to share holders i.e. obeying stock holder t

Fiorello La Guardia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fiorello La Guardia - Essay Example However, in 1933, he became the mayor of New York. He introduced and implemented many infrastructural reforms that totally revamped the map of the New York City. In the subsequent parts of this paper, first, early life and education, political career and then reforms of La Guardia are described. Early life and education Fiorello Henry La Guardia was born on December 11, 1882 in the New York City. La Guardia spent most of his early life in Prescott, Arizona where he attended high school. He also passed his part of life in Hungary. Soon after his father’s death, he secured a job in the American consulate in Budapest, Hungary. In the year of 1906, he returned to New York and become an interpreter at Ellis Island and at the same time, he started and completed Law degree from the New York University in the year of 1910. Due to his Law degree and being an owner of visionary and dynamic personality, La Guardia turned to politics with an intention of serving the people of New York. Po litical career La Guardia became the mayor of New York City after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives (1917, 1918-21, 1923-33). After completing his education, La Guardia joined politics when he was elected as a Republican to the House of Representative in the year of 1916. In 1919, he was honored with the presidency of New York City’s Board of Aldermen. ... Reforms His reforms are permeated in economic, infrastructural, and political grounds. The New York City was experiencing worse economic condition, its budget was controlled and managed by bankers; and one in six New Yorkers subsisted on relief. The 1910 Census revealed that only 26,000 factories had employed three-quarters of a million people (Jeffers, 2002, pp.39). In order to revamp the economic condition, La Guardia introduced and implemented an Economy Bill, putting the city of New York on the road leading to financial stability and also by declaring a war on corruption by implementing measures strengthening merit basis of the civil service. And, at the same time, La Guardia established a humane relief policy. Modernizing the city of New York was envisioned by La Guardia. To meet the needs of a world class metropolis, he devised his ambitious plan for modern new infrastructure. First, La Guardia introduced urban vision to City Hall. As the population was rapidly growing, he clea rly embarked on such infrastructural strategy facilitating and fulfilling the needs of growing population without compromising the quality of life. In order to develop and construct new infrastructure such as bridges, subways, airports, public housing, slum clearance and street repair, he collected engineers, architects and building experts, suggesting each project with a realistic price label and plan for the generous utilization of relief labor (New York World Telegram, 1933). As the mayor of New York, he instead of supporting, fought against Tammany Hall, and, introduced more civic reforms through low-cost housing and social welfare services inside the city of New

Employees Incentive System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employees Incentive System - Essay Example "These collective risks are being operationalized in incentive programs that often impact as much as 30% of a manager's income" (Tully, 1995; Schraeder and Becton, n.d.). As the threat of global trade liberalization looms, "competitive pressures" on business organizations will continue to expand. Therefore, business organizations must take the necessary steps in order to become more "innovative, productive, and efficient". [In order to remain more competitive], business organizations have to make use of all its "resources" in order to maximize the usefulness of its "operations" (Scharaeder and Becton, n.d.). And labor, being the most essential part of expenditure of the business, must be utilized to the fullest by developing and adopting "compensation strategies such as incentive programs [in order to] align individual motivation and goals with the objectives of the organization (Scharaeder and Becton, n.d.). This caused the organizations to "continually faced" with problems of maintaining and energizing excellent employees and "elevating additional business units into the upper echelon of excellent performance". "It is within the confines of these t wo separate, but related challenges that an organization must differentiate between employee recognition and performance improvement" (Driving excellence to the bottom line, n.d.). U.S. business organizations are now being encouraged to adopt employee's incentive programs in order to improve and encourage employees' performance, improve overall operation of the firm, and thereby promote peace and harmony among the work force especially on management-employees relationships. It has long been proven by a variety of research and studies that the performance of the employees can be enhance or influence by the way they are managed (Delaney and Huselid, 1996). The "National Organizations Survey" survey on 590 profit and non-profit companies has proven the "positive associations between human resource management (HRM) practices, such as training and staffing selectivity, and perceptual firm performance measures. [The study also] further suggests the methodological issues for consideration in examinations of the relationship between HRM systems and firm performance" (Delaney and Huselid, 1996). Now, it is evident that more and more companies are tapping into the advantages of employee incentive programs in order to remain competitive. "The National Association of Manufacturers surveyed 4,500 companies to follow up on prior studies examining skill level of workers and common human resource practices. They found that 54% of these companies offered some type of bonus plan and another 35% offered some type of gain-sharing or pay for performance program" (Micco, 1997; Schraeder and Becton, n,d,). Furthermore, employee incentive programs are now being use by the reputable U.S. companies. "As an example, Pagoago and Williams (1993), by using the Hay survey to study 1,256 hospitals and 350,000 individuals in the healthcare field, has found out that more than half of the surveyed hospitals are adopting various kinds of employee incentive programs and "that a growing number of these organizations used contingent pay such as discretionary bonuses, skill based pay, and team based pay. It is also interesting to note that survey results indicated a significant

How information Technology can be used to achieve sustainable Essay

How information Technology can be used to achieve sustainable competitive advantages - Essay Example In addition, the basic purpose of developing and implementing the modern and up-to-date information systems in the business and corporate structures is to enhance the overall corporate performance and enhanced management of the business data (Laudon & Laudon, 1999; Turban et al., 2005). Literature Review According to (Turban et al., 2005, p.18) â€Å"an information system is set of different aspects that work collectively in order to gather, operate, store, assess, and transmit information with the intention of performing a particular task.† Basically, the products and business processes to develop those products differ from organization to organization. Hence, a business organization can make use of information system for different purposes according to their needs and requirements. For instance, an organization can make use of an information system to deal with its human resource related processes or for dealing with accorunts and financial matters. In this scenario, as an o rganization is based on different aspects such as departments and employees in the same way an IS encompasses a variety of aspects like that inputs (whuch an information system receives in the forms of data and instructions from its users) and outputs (which are delivered by the information system in the forms of results, calculations and reports). Thus, it provides the desired outputs by carrying out certain operations on the inputs. Value Chain Model Operations: This process involves the activities that are involves in the transformation of inputs into final products. In this scenario, information systems can play a significant role. As the figure 1 demonstrates, this process can be supported through computer aided manufacturing. These systems can be used in design and development of the products (CiteHR, 2013; Schwanzer, 2007). In this scenario, information systems cannot only be used as a wonderful tool for automating desired business processes and activities but they can also b e used to support the business organizations in designing and putting into practice a number of value added-systems in the business organizations like that the majority of bussiness organizations combine and arrange their manufacturing cycle along with information systems so as to confirm that the outputs it generates comply with the organization’s requirements and needs as well as various quality management mechanisms. The research has shown that the implementation of information systems allows the business organizations to make their business operations simple and do not waste their precious time in performing unnecessary operations. Additionally, the majority of business organizations take benefit of information systems to incorporate control and measures to human resource related activities, in an attempt to make sure that only human resources having the proper privileges and authority can be allowed to perform particular tasks. Also, the use of information systems allows the business oraganizations to throw away chronic actions and improve correctness, supporting company’s employees to contemplate on more difficult processes. Furthermore, an organization can also use information syste

Employees Incentive System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employees Incentive System - Essay Example "These collective risks are being operationalized in incentive programs that often impact as much as 30% of a manager's income" (Tully, 1995; Schraeder and Becton, n.d.). As the threat of global trade liberalization looms, "competitive pressures" on business organizations will continue to expand. Therefore, business organizations must take the necessary steps in order to become more "innovative, productive, and efficient". [In order to remain more competitive], business organizations have to make use of all its "resources" in order to maximize the usefulness of its "operations" (Scharaeder and Becton, n.d.). And labor, being the most essential part of expenditure of the business, must be utilized to the fullest by developing and adopting "compensation strategies such as incentive programs [in order to] align individual motivation and goals with the objectives of the organization (Scharaeder and Becton, n.d.). This caused the organizations to "continually faced" with problems of maintaining and energizing excellent employees and "elevating additional business units into the upper echelon of excellent performance". "It is within the confines of these t wo separate, but related challenges that an organization must differentiate between employee recognition and performance improvement" (Driving excellence to the bottom line, n.d.). U.S. business organizations are now being encouraged to adopt employee's incentive programs in order to improve and encourage employees' performance, improve overall operation of the firm, and thereby promote peace and harmony among the work force especially on management-employees relationships. It has long been proven by a variety of research and studies that the performance of the employees can be enhance or influence by the way they are managed (Delaney and Huselid, 1996). The "National Organizations Survey" survey on 590 profit and non-profit companies has proven the "positive associations between human resource management (HRM) practices, such as training and staffing selectivity, and perceptual firm performance measures. [The study also] further suggests the methodological issues for consideration in examinations of the relationship between HRM systems and firm performance" (Delaney and Huselid, 1996). Now, it is evident that more and more companies are tapping into the advantages of employee incentive programs in order to remain competitive. "The National Association of Manufacturers surveyed 4,500 companies to follow up on prior studies examining skill level of workers and common human resource practices. They found that 54% of these companies offered some type of bonus plan and another 35% offered some type of gain-sharing or pay for performance program" (Micco, 1997; Schraeder and Becton, n,d,). Furthermore, employee incentive programs are now being use by the reputable U.S. companies. "As an example, Pagoago and Williams (1993), by using the Hay survey to study 1,256 hospitals and 350,000 individuals in the healthcare field, has found out that more than half of the surveyed hospitals are adopting various kinds of employee incentive programs and "that a growing number of these organizations used contingent pay such as discretionary bonuses, skill based pay, and team based pay. It is also interesting to note that survey results indicated a significant

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc - Essay Example The company that is the subject of this research is Apple Inc., an American-based company operating in various countries, headquartered in the state if California. The company specializes in the designing, developing and sale of electronics including software, personal computers, and cell phones. In addition, the company offers other services and products including Smartphones, tablets, web browsers to name but a few. As of the year 2014, Apple offered permanent jobs to over 72,000 people, and its profit for same year stood at a whopping $182 billion. Some of the competitors Apple faces include Samsung, Nokia, and Microsoft among others, all of whom offer either part of the similar services or the same as Apple. When it comes to the company’s loyalty program, Apple Inc. has been noted to have a strict one where a majority of the customers hardly qualify for it. According to Meyer-Waarden, Apple’s customers are expected to spend a considerable amount of money for them to qualify for the company’s loyalty program. Sadly, many of them do not hit the target thus keep missing the goodies the company offers. Even though the company has recently announced an adjustment to its loyalty program requirements, it is still hard for many consumers to reach the target. For instance, Apple recently announced that any school intending to have its classrooms filled with the Mac computers would indeed enjoy a discount. Such institutions will enjoy a discount of 6% to 8% when the purchases are made from the company. From the above findings, it is clear that Apple’s loyalty program is wanting, and requires improvement since there are other competitors who could capitalize on this weakness. While Apple has continued to offer still competition to other players in the industry, its loyalty program requires measures to make sure customers are retained.

The Count of Monte Cristo Essay Example for Free

The Count of Monte Cristo Essay The novels of Alexander Dumas are favorites of many generations of readers because of his fascinating characters, tangled stories and dynamic plots. One of them, â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† was finished in 1844. Given its brilliant storyline about love and revenge in the 18th century, the novel was brought to life for the first time in 1934 by director Rowland V Lee and skillful actors Robert Donat, Elissa Landi and Sidney Blackmer. However, would it be worth it to do second film based on the same novel? Joe Leydon from Variety believes so. He states his certainty in the director of the remake, Kevin Reynolds who â€Å"proves to be fully on top of his game, infusing the grandly melodramatic permutations of the plot with firm conviction and stylish gusto† (Leydon). The old film from 1934 was given a fresh, new, compelling production in 2003 filled with a lot of breathtaking, uniquely visualized action scenes. The plot in both films is naturally no different. The tranquil life of Edmond Dantes, a 20 years old sailor on the â€Å"Pharaoh† ship, who plans to marry the beautiful Mercedes, is shattered when his friend Fernand wishes the lovely Mercedes for himself. Three other people wish to harm Dantes for different reasons. Danglars is an accountant of the Pharaoh and fears that if Dantes becomes Capitan, he will lose his job because Dantes notices his abuses; young assistant prosecutor De Villefort is afraid that his father’s connections with the dethroned Napoleon might be revealed, and the neighbor of Edmond’s father is jealous of his success. On the eve of Mercedes’s and Edmond’s wedding, Dantes is slandered and accused of being a Bonapartist. He is sent to the d’If castle, a prison fortress not far from Marseilles, without an opportunity to object his sentence. Dantes is informed that he will remain forever in prison. He attempts suicide, but he is unexpectedly saved by the appearance of anothe r prisoner Abbe Faria, who for years has dug tunnels and attempted to escape, but due to erroneous calculations has ended up in Dantes’s cell. The two misfortunates quickly become friends. Abbe Faria is a highly educated individual and discovers who sent Edmond into d’If castle and what their motives were. At that moment, he unwittingly sowed the seeds of revenge in Dantes. For six months, Abbe helps  to educate Edmond in English, German and Spanish and introduces him to math, physics, history and philosophy. After a year of planning their escape, Dantes and Abbe began to dig the tunnel to freedom. Sadly, incurable illness stalls Abbe from fulfilling their plan. Foreseeing his death, the abbot reveals to Edmond his secret treasure hidden on the island of Monte Cristo. When the abbot dies, Dantes takes his place in a body bag and is thrown into the sea instead of the dead Abbe Faria. It is unbelievable he survived. After miraculously managing to escape, he becomes the very wealthy and mysterious Count of Monte Cristo, establishes himself among the French nobility and skillful plans his revenge on everyone who stabbed him in the back. He is overwhelmed by the desire to find and assassinate his enemies, especially Fernand Mondego who married his fiancà ©e and had a child with her. The story of revenge is long, full of action and unexpected plot turns. The Count sneaks past the enemies and discovers their devastating secrets which aid him in devising their suffering deaths. The Count of Monte Cristo first wins the trust of his nemesis’s and manages to get close to them to learn their weaknesses, which will be the cause of their eventual death. Until the last minute of their life none of them realizes the source of their troubles. The transformation of the uneducated, naà ¯ve and kind sailor Edmont Dantes into the wise, aristocrat with a desire for revenge is fascinating. The actor, Jim Caviezel, uses all aspects of acting – mimics, gesture, voice, eyes to describe the transformation. His eyes seem to be the most influential quality of his character. The performance of Jim Caviezel is so capturing it resembles one of the most famous characters in the history of film – Al Pacino in â€Å"The Godfather†. As hard as someone tries to find flaws in the film, they cannot. The direction of Kevin Reynolds is at a very high level without having to use flashy or cheap effects. He knows where to stop a scene, what to do with it, and always picks the most appropriate angle in order to engage viewers in the moment. An example of this is the very first scene in the movie. Second mate Dantes and ship representative Mondego are aboard a sloop to Elba, the island to which Napoleon was banished and guarded. Edmont and Fernand get on shore to seek medical supplies for their dying captain. Upon seeing them, the British horsemen first assume Edmont a nd Fernand are here to free Napoleon. An action scene commences as the British open fire at the two sailors from the â€Å"Pharaoh† ship. The guards  have no intention of listening to or believing what Edmont tries to tell them (that they only seek medical assistance). The unique aspect in â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† is the camera position and rotation which is utilized in the very first scene. The filming is done from above, thus exposing the viewer to entire field on which Edmont and Fernand battle the British troops. The camera rotates around the actors and zooms in on their faces to display the facial expressions as they fight. Dim light from the moon reflects in their sweaty faces. Before we know it, the camera takes us back in the air again, and we can see more British troops quickly approaching in the far distance. Besides from above, cameras are also filming from below (the moment when Napoleon appears). This constant rotation from above to below involves the viewers in the scene. We are completely aware of the location of each character in the moment. After Napoleon â€Å"saves† our brave character seeking help for their dying captain, the former Emperor of France escorts them to the physician. At which point they enter his cabin and we notice the second unique aesthetic element in the movie – darkness. Almost half of the movie is filmed in the dark and usually the only light provided is by the Moon’s reflection (outdoor scenes) and candles (indoor scenes). This aesthetic element helps the viewer experience what lighting might have been like during the Renaissance period. About one fourth of the film takes place in the ghastly chateau d’If which is the absolute perfect example of how to use virtual darkness in scenes. With Dantes’s arrival in d’If castle, we are teleported to his new â€Å"home† for the next 16 years, filled only with darkness and horrid beatings. What do we think of when we hear the word â€Å"darkness†? Fear, death, misery? This is exactly what the director wants us to feel when we are seeing scenes from d’If castle. Fear – from the annual beating they give all innocent prisoners. Death that eventually comes either from starvation or suicide. Misery – being exposed to only a small window of light and one meal a day. Another noticeable visual element in â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† is the use of the blur effect. The director often blurs the background to set more focus on what’s happening in the scene. We see this aesthetic element throughout the entire film, mostly during dialog accompanied with a close up on the characters faces for example, the scene of Mercedes and Edmont speaking by the rocks. The camera is focused on their faces when we see Fernand approaching from the distance.  Seconds later, the focus is changed to Fernand as Mercedes and Edmont are blurred to the viewers. When Edmont shares the news of his promotion we can see the jealousy and frustration on Fernand’s face. Speaking of characters faces, the movie also focuses on the representatio n of characters’ eyes. The clearest example of this would be the dinner scene at Fernand and Mercedes’s mansion for their son Albert’s birthday. After saving the youngsters life, Count Monte Cristo was invited to the Mondego residence for Albert’s birthday party. Throughout the entire evening, Monte Cristo and Mercedes exchange looks as the Countess Montego starts recognizing the love of her life, Edmont Dantes, in the new French aristocrat. They exchange expressions, looks, smiles which reveal to us what the characters are thinking. Such details make â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† a â€Å"lavishly mounted and appealingly old-fashioned swashbuckler† (Leydon). The reviewer of â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† on Variety – John Leydon provides a fantastic summary of the movie. He writes about the actors, plot and direction without going in depth on a particular subject or praising / criticizing the movie in excess. Those are the exact qualities of a good fil m review. This brings up a burning question who can write a film review? In the article â€Å"Film criticism in the age of the Internet† the editors of Cineaste suggest it often seems that everyone is a critic (Cineaste), and we can all agree with that. Nowadays, people can view, comment and write anything on the Web. Anyone can register on a blog or forum and begin writing reviews of movies. It doesn’t even matter how good their writing is or what position they takes because today â€Å"everyone’s a critic† (Cineaste). The expression â€Å"quality over quantity† can quite correctly apply here. There are more and more film reviewers on the Internet, to whom Cineaste refers to as â€Å"amateurs† (Cineaste), â€Å"demented teenagers† (Cineaste) or generally modern film critics. Tobias Grey’s thoughts on this new age of criticism in his article â€Å"Debating film criticism† is that â€Å"modern film criticism is far too subjective and not nearly analytical enough† (Grey) in addition â€Å"criticism is reputed to be dead, film criticism especially so.† (Jesse Walker). While this may seem bad, I like the fact that if you don’t enjoy a certain film, you’re not necessarily a bad reviewer or a person with no taste in film because â€Å"you have a soulmate in cyberspace, and he posted his thoughts (which are identical to yours) on a now-defunct interactive Web site†Ã‚  (Walker). So, what does all of this tell us? The large amount of film criticism on the Internet kills the real meaning of quality level film criticism, however it exposes us to more writers’ thoughts and opinions. The editors in Cineaste express their hope that â€Å"good criticism will predominate over bad in both magazines and the Internetand that increased bids for corporate and government control of cyberspace will not drown out, or silence, the many lively online voices (some of whom are represented in our symposium) that have already changed the face of contemporary film criticism.† â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† is a capturing and fascinating film. The classical love story in the 1800’s intrigues the viewer and the action grabs your attention. It is a favorite film for people of all ages because it shows human qualities that last forever such as greed, desire for revenge, love and more. Analyzing the motion picture as art I paid more attention to the camera movement and lens zoom which made me realize how great the movie actually is. The director communicates with us through visual language and the characters reveal their thoughts through their facial expressions. A close up on the main character’s troubled face or shaking eyeballs can tell us a lot more than dialog. I like â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† for the special attention to details. They connect us with to film and we experience it in a different way. Such minor details may seem like not a big deal if you watch the film for its story, but if you focus and view the film as art you’d see there is much more than dialog and action scenes to â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo†. Bibliography Film criticism in the age of the Internet. Cineaste Fall 2008: 1. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 6 Dec. 2011. Grey, Tobias. Debating film criticism: Europeans share opinions on the pics they review and also on the qualifications for being a well-rounded critic. Variety 29 Oct. 2007: A2+. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 6 Dec. 2011. Leydon, Joe. â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo.† Variety. n. pag. Web. 24 Jan 2002. Walker, Jesse. Everyones a critic: Dont shed any tears for cinephilia. Reason June 2002: 62. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.

The Salem Witch Trials History Essay

The Salem Witch Trials History Essay Introduction The Salem witch trials of 1692 took place in Salem, Massachusetts. Overall, 141 people were arrested as 19 were hanged and one person crushed to death. Researchers describe the Salem witch trials as a series of court trials that were aimed at prosecuting persons who had been accused of witchcraft. The trials took place between 1692 and 1693  [1]  . Prior hearings of the Salem witch trials were carried out in several different towns. The major trial was conducted by the Court of Oyer and Terminer situated in Salem town  [2]  . Several people were rounded up and charged with witchcraft. Some of those arrested died in prison. Of the accused, 14 women and 5 men were hanged. There were fears about religious extremists as many critics perceived witchcraft as being counterproductive. Many problems within the society were attributed to the witches living in the town of Salem. At the time of their arrest, most of them were found with things believed to be used to propagate their activities. Causes of the trials There were about 600 residents in Salem town that conflicted with one group arguing that they had the right to remain in the town as farming families and the other to settle on the eastern side of the rich suburban town of Salem. The thriving economy of Salem town that was mainly a farming community made it to be perceived as being individualistic. The individualism was clashing with the communal nature of Puritanism. The Putnams felt that the large farming families were completely isolated from the rest of the town and amassed a large quantity of wealth. The Putnams were acknowledged leaders of a separatist group. This separatist group owned most of the farming land in Salem village. The Putnams felt the need to form a congregation that would indeed unite them within Salem. In 1689, the religious congregation was formed under the lead of Reverend Parris  [3]  . This religious congregation only represented a small group of the populace in Salem as most of the members were Putnams. Two factions had emerged within the religious congregation. These factions were basically divided on the basis of the contract under which Reverend Parris was employed to conduct the church affairs. Ministers in the religious groups at the time were often granted lots of fringe benefits to go along with their heavy salaries, such as free houses and use of firewood  [4]  . It is believed that Reverend Parris received this and much more, hence creating questions as to why he was being accorded such kind of treatment. Reverend Parris salary was paid by the local tax payers. Critics who did not support this, often mumbled in silence hence creating and deepening the already existing crevice with the religious organization in which Reverend Parris was the main leader. Most Puritans believed in witchcraft as the source of power to harm others. They further believed that the witchcraft was entering partnership with the devil in exchange for certain evil powers in order to propagate their evil activities. Therefore, the religious sect who lived in the same town of Salem was against witchcraft as they considered it as a sin  [5]  . It is also believed that most Puritans were against the Church of England and opposed most of their doctrines. As a result, enmity was created between the Puritans and the Church of England at the time. This culminated into frequent conflicts between the Puritans and the church members who often level accuses against each other. The puritans did not buy any of the traditions that the church was conducted. It was this religious divide that fueled the Salem witchcraft trial of 1692 that led to the killing of several witches within the town, most of who were Puritans. There was a huge political divide in Salem between the English settlers in the east and their opponents who were large farming families. They made several attacks on each other with considerable casualties being reported. In 1692 when the new Governor was elected, he had many issues to settle. He initiated the commission of special court known as the court of Oyer and Terminer which was charged with the responsibility of handling the increasing number of people who were accused at the time  [6]  . Farming was often the main cause of dispute between neighbors and families. As families grew in size, so did their farming land. Most of the farming land pushed forward into the wild, thus causing tension to the conflict that was already brewing. Drought or change in weather could easily wipe out a years crop without much consideration. This resulted in tension. Religious tension made this worse as many Puritans believed that God had advanced his wrath on man due to his sinful nature  [7]  . This belief made many people fear the actions of those who were against God. Therefore, many religious groups such as the Church of England advocated for the elimination of witches from the Salem society in order to enjoy a good bumper harvest and experience rain. Moreover, the social status that the Puritans accorded to the women did not help much as the women were believed to be devils servants. The Puritans perception about women increased the tension that had already built within the community leading to conflict in beliefs, one of the foundations that the Salem trials were based upon. Children were discouraged from playing and generally living a social life among the Puritans. They were the least valued. Similarly, girls were restricted from social groupings and activities in the belief that they would be used by the devil at a tender age. Women were generally not allowed to own land and in most cases land reverted to the previous owner if the husband died. Witch-hunting became a sport and a daily norm among the Puritans in order to acquire property. The effects of this on the society were far reaching. Preconceived ideas of witches There were several preconceived ideas about withes in the Salem village. Most people believed that witches were the main cause of crop failure and drought. This was because, witches often performed certain acts which could reverse the nature of climate change and bring about rain  [8]  . The Puritans were revered for their activities involving witch-hunting. Witches were thus believed to poses the power to ill other people and even make their lives difficult. Furthermore, there was a wide belief that the witches were often in contact with the devil and could order any kind of destruction upon their targets with impunity. In fact, most of the illness and attacks during the 17th century were attributed to the powers of the witches  [9]  . In addition, witches were believed to be anti-Christian in nature since they derived their powers from the devil and destroyed other peoples lives. The Salem society believed that witches should be killed. Therefore, the offence of witchcraft carried the death sentence automatically and without the option of appealing. Analysis of the accusers and their motivations of targeting certain people Most of the accusers of witches were mainly the religious organizations which indeed were against the activities of the witches in Salem during the 17th century. The Puritans were increasingly becoming aggressive and threatened the very existence of humanity due to their social beliefs about women and children  [10]  . Moreover, the Puritans were against the traditions practiced by the church. The witches often laid accusations upon the churchs conduct hence creating tension whenever they were illuminated within the Salem village. In addition, most of the large farming families also accused the witches of crop failure and drought. The powers of the witches were believed to cause deaths in children and livestock. Farming was the main economic activity that the people of Salem practiced  [11]  . Therefore, it farming failed then life became subsequently very difficult for them considering that they often had very large families. Reverend Parris who was a church minister was also an accuser of the witches. His daughter and niece had epileptic fits that were beyond any normal comprehension. Following this, three witches were arrested and arraigned in court to be charged with inflicting such evil upon the children. The arrested individuals were Puritans and were charged with witchcraft. On February 1692, Betty Parris, the daughter of the leader of the religious covenant organization, became strangely ill  [12]  . Critics were quick to point out that this was a result of witchcraft that had been directed towards the ministers home. What made the belief worse was the fact that Reverend Parris cousin and niece also fell strangely ill. Strange illness were often attributed to witchcraft and the accusers who were often family members could not compel with the idea that strange diseases were as a result of a combination of stress, trauma and other physiological causes. These strange diseases mainly attacked children. There was a wide belief that witches often targeted children since they were vulnerable to the witches activities  [13]  . This made witches to be accused of any strange disease like symptoms as most households ignored the diagnosis of the doctors. This was fueled by the strange disease that was exhibited by Ann Putnam, Mercy Lewis and Mary Walcott all who were juveniles. The cure to the strange behavior was not understood as the children continued to wriggle on the ground suffering from this strange disease. The accusers were mainly motivated by the need to curb evil within the Salem community by stopping the witches from killing and depressing people in the society. For instance, women and children were accorded the lowest social class in the Salem community among the Puritans  [14]  . This was seen as a counter-development move and was thus fought by the greater farming community as well as the religious Christian society. When the reverends daughter and niece, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams fell ill, they were taken to hospital. Since the doctor could not establish anything physically wrong with the girls, it was concluded that they had been bewitched. Tituba, an Indian witch was accused of bewitching the two girls  [15]  . This saw a number of many other witches arrested in 1691with many people condemning witchcraft. Analysis of the accused The accused witches were predominantly Puritans. Trouble began when Cloyce and Proctor were arrested. These individuals were members of the covenanted church. After days of interrogation and investigation, more arrests were made and the suspects arraigned in court to be charged with witchcraft. Most of those who had been named went into hiding for fear of being arrested and charged in court. The prosecutor found the presentation of evidence to be most challenging since evidence in such cases was merely imaginary. The Court of Oyer and Terminer was responsible for prosecuting and charging the witches. The court convened on June 2, 1692 where Bridget Bishops case was heard first  [16]  . The grand jury indeed acknowledged all the charges made against her. Several other witches who were arrested and totaled 150 were charged before the Court of Oyer and Terminer with witchcraft. Only one accused who refused to enter a plea was crushed to death using stones  [17]  . The Court of Oyer and Terminer handled all formal prosecutions of witchcraft. About 36 people were arrested on July 2, 1692 following the convening of the new Governor, Chief Magistrate and Crowns attorney. Local magistrate presided over the cases where they arrested, examined and charged the witches according to the law. The accused were often individuals who maintained a high social status within the Salem setting. They were individuals who were revered and feared for their evil powers  [18]  . Most of them lived in eastern Salem. The witches of Salem had amassed massive wealth due to witch-hunting. They had been accused at one time of killing innocent people for the benefit of their wealth. Conclusion The Salem witch trials were hence as a result of the beliefs that the witches held within the Salem society. The witches were also accused of causing strange diseases among children. Many of the Salem witches were often wealthy people who enjoyed a high social status within the community. Moreover, they were located on the eastern side of the Salem village just next to the farming communities in the Salem town. The Salem trials led to the arrest and imprisonment of over 150 people, 19 of whom were hanged and one crushed to death. These trials were the most controversial in the history of Salem. The trials were done in such haste in order to clear the large backlog of cases concerning witches in the Court of Oyer and Terminer  [19]  . Concerns about witchcraft were often muffled under the pillow until when Elizabeth Parris became strangely ill. She was the daughter of the Reverend Parris, leader of the religious church. Abigail Williams, a niece to the reverend also fell strangely ill. Tituba, the Indian witch was accused of bewitching the girls. Critics of the trial of Salem suggest that witchcraft should be death with witchcraft instead of convicting of witchcraft and sentenced to death. References Blumberg Jess. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials. Accessed from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html Giles Cory and the Salem Witch Craft Trials. Salem Witchcraft Trials. Accessed from http://coryfamsoc.com/resources/articles/witch.htm Poole William Frederick. Cotton Mather and Salem witchcraft. Harvard: University press, 1869, p.61. accessed from http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=5DT0mK6JxO4Cpg=PA61dq=The+Salem+Witch+Trialshl=enei=s9nCS6qPEp3AmgPdhbj-Bgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=7ved=0CFUQ6AEwBg#v=onepageq=The%20Salem%20Witch%20Trialsf=false Salem Witch Trials. Accessed from http://www.articlesbase.com/law-articles/salem-witch-trials-67616.html Salem Witch Trials. Accessed from http://www.42explore2.com/salemwitch.htm The Salem Witch Trials, 1692, Eyewitness to History. Accessed from http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/salem.htm The Salem witch hunts. Accessed from http://www.essortment.com/all/salemwitchhunt_rkto.htm The Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Accessed from http://www.kidzworld.com/article/2536-the-salem-witch-trials-of-1692 Upham Charles Wentworth. Salem witchcraft and Cotton Mather: a reply. New York: Historical magazine, 1869, p.16. accessed from http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=qdmvN-fB5xYCpg=PA10dq=The+Salem+Witch+Trialshl=enei=s9nCS6qPEp3AmgPdhbj-Bgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=The%20Salem%20Witch%20Trialsf=false What Were the Salem Witch Trials? accessed from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-were-the-salem-witch-trials.htm

An Analysis of Countee Cullens Any Human to Another Essay -- Countee

An Analysis of Countee Cullen's â€Å"Any Human to Another† Countee Cullen was man who struggled to be called a â€Å"poet† instead of a â€Å"Negro poet.†Ã‚   His life during the Harlem Renaissance was filled with inequality and prejudice.   These facts have lead many analysts to perceive his poem â€Å"Any Human to Another† as a cry for racial equality.   However, Cullen’s manipulation of structure, imagery, and symbols in the poem reveals that his true theme is that all humans are individually unique but must live together in harmony and equality, caring for and helping each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first technique Cullen uses to show his theme is the structure of the poem.   â€Å"Any Human to Another† is made up of five stanzas:   the first and second are six lines long, the third and fifth contain seven lines, and the fourth stanza is made up of only five lines.   The author uses these varying lengths for a purpose; he wants the readers to see the way in which a variety of different types join together to form one poem.   This is analogous to the way in which many unique people make up our society.   The diversity of stanza length in the poem shows that the diversity of society in the world is a main contributing factor to our culturally enriched lives.   Another example of how the structure of this poem relates to the theme is in the rhyme schemes of the five stanzas.   Each part has several lines that rhyme with other lines in that stanza; however, the rhyme scheme of one stanza does not match with that o f any other.   This again shows the unique parts of each stanza that all go together to make one beautiful poem.   Similar to the way this poem would lack excitement if it followed one rhyme pattern the whole way through, life would be not b... ... means to express his opinion is the â€Å"little tent† in the second stanza.   Cullen writes that no man is allowed his own â€Å"meadow of sun and shadow,† the sun being joyous feelings while the shadow is angst.   No man deserves the privilege of indulging himself in â€Å"sun† while others in the world have troubles; on the other hand, no man should deal with the â€Å"shadow† of inequality without a friend or companion.   As a member of the human race, each individual has their own duty to care for and help others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Countee Cullen clearly has a message to spread through this poem.   His structure of individual stanzas coming together, imagery of diversity and grief, and symbols of emotional bonds say one thing:   society must be made of individual people who coexist in peace, aiding and respecting one another.   This message is clearly a valuable truth we must all learn.