Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Food

Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Food The question of genetically modified foods is one of the most controversial nowadays and many public interest groups and environmental organizations have been actively protesting against them. Still, the genetic engineering is widely used all over the world. You can base your research paper on any of the most interesting for you aspects of this issue. For me the most reasonable choice is to write about cons and pros of genetically modified foods that would tell people the very truth about what they are supposed to eat and to protect them from harm, which GM foods can cause to the human’s health. Let’s look at the main of them. Advantages: Enhanced taste and quality of food. Reduced time of maturity, faster growing fish and nuts trees. Ability to produce cheap nutritious foods, e.g. carrots with more antioxidants. Improved crops resistant to disease and insects. Greater shelf life of foods, like tomatoes that taste better and last longer. Disadvantages: Loosing flora’s and fauna’s biodiversity. Potential impacts on human health, which can cause diseases with a higher antibiotic resistance. Creation of new allergens and ability to trigger an allergy in humans. Using genes from animals in plant foods and vice versa can cause objection to consuming such foods. Stress for animals and harm for other organisms in the ecosystem. Apart from the above benefits of GM foods, the risks are strong and there can be nothing better and healthier then

Marketing Analysis Sabra Dipping Company - 1772 Words

Sabra Dipping Company is the leading brand of Mediterranean style hummus and dips in America. Sabra dominates the industry by providing not only a variety of hummus, but also a range of dips and spreads such as: guacamole, Greek yogurt dip, and salsas. Sabra was founded as Sabra-Blue White Foods in 1986 and was eventually bought in 2005 by Israeli food manufacturer, Strauss in 2005. Our brand strives to create dips with daring flavors that will expand the average consumer’s taste palettes. Our product is based and produced in the United States under the organization s Pepsi CO and Strauss. Sabra products are easily accessible at almost all major grocery stores and supermarkets nationwide. For those not fortunate enough to live close to grocery stores, Sabra gives back in their initiative â€Å"Plants With A Purpose† as a way to benefit food banks across America. Our core values spread beyond just our products in hopes of bringing customers together through quality food . Sabra provides a different flavor for each of its different spreads, to encompass a range of personalities and products for its company. An internal strength of Sabra is its accessibility to the average shopper, this includes major stores like Target, King Soopers, Safeway, Ralphs, and their branches. This allows shoppers to continuously be reminded of the Sabra brand the variety of products we offer, thus elevating our status in the dipping and spreads market. Sabra is also one of the household hummus brandsShow MoreRelatedHummus Bar Case Study Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesHummus Bar: Dipping into International Markets Submitted By: Group #8 Hari Padmakumar Jijo Francis Navtej Singh Sran INDEX: I. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦. 2 II. Market Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 III. Market Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 IV. Marketing Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 V. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 VI. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 I. Introduction This case study is based on aRead MorePepsi: Supply Chain Management5028 Words   |  21 Pagesimproving the way company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. It seeks to enhance competitive performance by closely integrating the internal functions within a company and effectively linking them with external operations of suppliers and channel members. Moreover, this has been a prominent concern for both large and small companies as they strive for better quality and higher customer satisfaction. In a supply chain, a company links to its supplier

Extraction from nutmeg free essay sample

The purpose of this experiment was to illustrate the extraction of a solid natural product from its natural source by partition with the aid of an organic solvent. Extraction is the process by which a compound or mixtures of, is transferred by separation from one phase into another. In this case, the major triglyceride contains a single fatty acid identified as myristic acid. It is a substituent of the triglyceride called trimyristin, which embodies 20-25% of the dried weight of ground nutmeg we will eventually use in this experiment. The purpose of this lab is to extract trimyristin from nutmeg with the organic substance, diethyl ether, to evidently produce trimyristin with a small portion of myristicin (solid-liquid extraction). Also, it is good to know that due to impurity the best way purify the product of trimyristin is by recrystallization through hot acetone. NATURE OF REACTION: Power state Trimyristin Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) NATURE/MECHANISM OF REACTION: The temperature range should be between 56-57 Â °C. We will write a custom essay sample on Extraction from nutmeg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The organic solvents that were used in the experiment were diethyl ether, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate. It is advised to know that when ethyl acetate and water are mixed, the water will eventually separate into two distinct phases. Theoretical Yield, Percent Yield and Discussion: The weight of the product is determined to be 0.78g The weight of the mixture is determined to be 1.00g or The % yield is then calculated to be 78% Melting point of product (determined) = 50-51Â °C CONCLUSION: As seen from the discussion on the chemical composition of nutmeg, the most abundant individual compound in nutmeg is trimyristin, it is also evident that my yield percentage was certainly not 100. This is a result of a loss of the samples during the partition process, reflux, as well as recrystallization. Some excess in residue were probably disregarded. It was also proven that trimyristin is soluble in acetone, the substance we used for recrystallization. The relative abundance of trimyristin in nutmeg makes it a potentially necessary substance to partition.

Winston Churchill Essays (3203 words) - Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill Churchill, Sir Winston (1874-1965), became one of the greatest statesmen in world history. Churchill reached the height of his fame as the heroic prime minister of Great Britain during World War II (1939-1945). He offered his people only "blood, toil, tears, and sweat" as they struggled to keep their freedom. Churchill was also a noted speaker, author, painter, soldier, and war reporter. Early in World War II, Great Britain stood alone against Nazi Germany. The British people refused to give in despite the tremendous odds against them. Churchill's personal courage and his faith in victory inspired the British to "their finest hour." The mere sight of this stocky, determined man--a cigar in his mouth and two fingers raised high in a "V for victory" salute--cheered the people. Churchill seemed to be John Bull, the symbol of the British people, come to life. Churchill not only made history, he also wrote it. As a historian, war reporter, and biographer, he showed a matchless command of the English language. In 1953, he won the Nobel Prize for literature. Yet as a schoolboy, he had been the worst student in his class. Churchill spoke as he wrote--clearly, vividly, majestically. Yet he had stuttered as a boy. Churchill joined the armed forces in 1895 as an army lieutenant under Queen Victoria. He ended his career in 1964 as a member of the House of Commons under Queen Elizabeth II, the great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Few men ever served their country so long or so well. Early life Boyhood and education. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born on Nov. 30, 1874, in Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England. He was the elder of the two sons of Lord Randolph Churchill (1849-1895) and Lady Churchill (1854-1921). Young Winston, a chunky lad with a mop of red hair, had an unhappy boyhood. He talked with a stutter and lisp, and did poorly in his schoolwork. His stubbornness and high spirits annoyed everyone. In addition, his parents had little time for him. When Winston was 6 years old, his brother, John, was born. The difference in their ages prevented any real companionship. At the age of 12, Winston entered Harrow School, a leading British independent school. Throughout his school career, Winston was bottom of his class. At Harrow, however, his love of the English language began to grow. There, he said later, he "got into my bones the essential structure of the ordinary English sentence ..." In 1893, at the age of 18, Winston entered the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He had failed the entrance examinations twice before passing them. But he soon led his class in tactics and fortifications, the most important subjects. He graduated eighth in a class of 150. In 1895, Churchill was appointed a second lieutenant in the 4th Hussars, a proud cavalry regiment. Soldier and reporter. Twenty-year-old Lieutenant Churchill ached for adventure. For a soldier, adventure meant fighting. But the only fighting at that moment was in Cuba, where the people had revolted against their Spanish rulers. Churchill was on leave from the army, and used his family's influence to go to Cuba as an observer with the Spanish. While there, he wrote five colourful articles on the revolt for a London newspaper. Churchill returned to London with a love for Havana cigars that lasted the rest of his life. In 1896, Churchill's regiment was sent to Bangalore, in southern India. There he read many books he had neglected in school. The works of Edward Gibbon and Thomas B. Macaulay interested him the most. In 1897, Churchill learned that fighting had broken out in northwestern India between British forces and Pushtun warriors. He obtained a leave from his regiment, and persuaded two newspapers to hire him as a reporter. Churchill joined the advance guard of the Malakand Field Force and took part in bloody hand-to-hand fighting. After returning to Bangalore, Churchill wrote about the campaign in his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898). A British force was being built up in Egypt to invade the Sudan. Churchill got himself transferred to the force, and again obtained a newspaper assignment. In 1898, he took part in the last great cavalry

Alternatives to Affirmative Action

Alternatives to Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers Affirmative Action is one of the most controversial policies ever enacted by the United States government. Under Affirmative Action, women, African Americans, and other minorities are given preferential treatment when they apply for jobs and/or admission to college. In some cases, this has meant that qualified applicants who are white males have been passed over in favor of less qualified minority or female applicants. Those who support Affirmative Action claim that the policy is necessary to overcome centuries of previous discrimination and other disadvantages that minorities and women have faced. Those who oppose the policy point out that that Affirmative Action is just another form of discrimination, except in this case it is discrimination that is deliberately directed against white males. Opponents of Affirmative Action also claim that the policy lowers academic standards and takes away from the accomplishments of truly qualified women and minorities. Affirmative Action programs have significantly improved diversity on America’s college campuses. However, there have been many legal and legislative challenges to preferential treatment based on race (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2002, Executive Summary). Various alternatives to the quotas and preferential treatment of minorities under Affirmative Action have been proposed, including the alternative of ending Affirmative Action altogether. An acceptable alternative would need to provide opportunities for minority students without discriminating against white males. Californias approach to admissions Schools in California are prohibited by state law from using race, religion, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin as criteria for college admission (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2002, Chapter Two Percentage Plans). California has tried several different admission policies for its University system. Under one plan, no less than 50 percent to 75 percent of students would be admitted based solely on their academic achievements. This plan was phased out and replaced with a plan that provided automatic admission for students who graduated in the top 4 percent of their high school class. This plan was replaced in November 2001 with a plan in which students were considered not just for grades and test scores, but also for evidence of such qualities as motivation, leadership, intellectual curiosity, and initiative (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Chapter Two Percentage Plans). Each of these plans shows promise. Percentage plans provide some guarantee that non-minority students will not be discriminated against on the basis of their race. At the same time, these plans also provide a way for minority students who might not otherwise qualify for admission to be considered. The 4 percent plan rewards the best students for their accomplishments without penalizing other students. Although the percentage plans are not perfect, they are more fair than systems that place more emphasis on race than they do on academic achievement. Texas Top Ten Texas guarantees college admission to the top ten percent of students from every graduating class (Watson Levin, 2004). Like the California plan, the Texas Top Ten plan guarantees that no highly qualified students will be passed over on the basis of race. The plan does not, however, guarantee that lower achieving students will have equal access. Unfortunately, the Texas plan has resulted in some problems. The plan makes no distinction between students from higher achieving schools and students from schools that are less rigorous. Some top ten students are arriving at college to find that they are not prepared. Universal Admissions Another possible alternative to Affirmative Action would be to allow all students who want to attend college to do so. Under the current system, a college education is a privilege, not a right. A universal admission policy would change that and would provide all students with the right to a college education, just as all children in the United States are now entitled to a free education in grades Kindergarten through High School. One of the arguments made for Affirmative Action is that minority students can succeed when they are given the chance. Lower admission standards for minorities are designed to compensate for any lack of educational opportunities these students may have had while they were growing up. The theory is that once these students are provided with the same opportunity, they will be able to catch up. A universal admission policy would eliminate all academic and other criteria for college admissions and allow all students, regardless of their past academic performance, to attend college. Under a universal admission policy, the only criteria that would be applied would be whether the student could afford to pay for classes. This may seem unfair to some. However, students who could not afford tuition could qualify for scholarships, grants, and loans just as they do now. One potential problem with a universal admission plan is the lack of space at colleges. If everyone is allowed to attend for at least one year, then it is possible that there would not be enough teachers and other resources to go around. However, this problem could be solved through the use of Community Colleges, distance learning, and other alternatives. Universal admission is the only truly fair way to provide equal opportunity to all students. It eliminates the bias of Affirmative Action and allows students who may have performed poorly in high school to have at least a chance to prove that they can succeed in college. References U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (2002). Chapter Two-Percentage Plans Beyond Percentage Plans: The Challenge of Equal Opportunity in Higher Education. Retrieved on October 12, 2004, from usccr.gov/pubs/percent2/ch2.htm U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (2002). Executive Summary. Beyond Percentage Plans: The Challenge of Equal Opportunity in Higher Education. Retrieved on October 12, 2004, from usccr.gov/pubs/percent2/summ.htm Watson, B. and Levin, M. (2004) The Texas Top Ten Percent Rule: Bad Policy, Good Politics. Austin Review. July 9, 2004. Retrieved on October 12, 2004, from texastop10.princeton.edu/publicity/AustinReview070904.pdf Research Papers on Alternatives to Affirmative ActionStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyOpen Architechture a white paperWhere Wild and West Meet

Far from Empire - German Colonial History and its Memorials

Far from Empire - German Colonial History and its Memorials Europe’s long and sinister colonial history can still be experienced in many places. Forced-upon European heritage, such as languages or the ominous right to militarily intervene, are found all over the globe. The different colonial narratives of the British Empire, the Spanish Navy or Portuguese traders are well known and often still glorified as a grand national past. Outside of Germany, the country’s colonial history is not referred to often within Germany it is a rather sore topic. Being overshadowed by the two World Wars, it is up to recent historical studies to fully bring it into the light. Even if – in terms of gaining territory, compared to its rivals - Germany’s colonial endeavors weren’t exactly successful, German colonial forces are guilty of terrible crimes against peoples indigenous to their colonies. As are so many European histories of the 17th,18th, 19th and 20th century, the German one is not short of gruesome acts committed in the name of forging a global empire. German East Africa and German-Samoa Even though Germans were part of the European Colonial Expansion right from the beginning, the engagement of Germany as a formal colonial power started its endeavors rather late. One reason was that the foundation of the German Empire in 1871, before that there was no â€Å"Germany† that could, as a nation, colonize anyone. Maybe that is another reason for the pressing necessity to acquire colonies, which seems to have been felt by German officials. From 1884 on, Germany quickly incorporated African colonies such as Togo, Cameroon, Namibia and Tanzania (some under different names) into the Empire. A few Pacific Islands and a Chinese colony followed. The German colonial officers aimed at being very efficient colonizers, which resulted in very ruthless and brutal behavior towards the natives. This, of course, sparked rebellions and uprisings, which the oppressors, in turn, brutally put down. In German South-West Africa (Namibia), the German leaders attempted to segregate all inhabitants by a German upper class and an African working class – following an ideology of deep biologist racism. This kind of segregation was not limited to German colonies. All of European colonialism shows this attribute. But, one can say that German forces were the most efficient as the examples of Namibia and, a Generation later, the occupation of Eastern Europe show. German colonialism was driven by heavy armed conflicts, some of which are rightfully called genocide (e.g. the so-called Herero Wars, which lasted from ca. 1904 until 1907), as German attacks and the following famines were responsible for the death of an estimated 80% of all Herero. The German colonies in the â€Å"South Sea† also fell victim to colonial violence. German battalions were even part of ending the Boxer Rebellion in China. The first period of German colonialism ended after World War I when its protectorates were taken from the Reich, as it was unfit to be a colonial power. But the Third Reich brought a second period of course. A surge of colonial memorials throughout the 1920s, ’30s, and 40s prepared the public for a dawning new colonial age. One, that quickly ended with the victory of the Allied Forces in 1945. Memories and Memorials - Germany’s Colonial Past is Surfacing The last few years of public debate and discourse have made it clear: Germany’s colonial past can no longer be ignored and has to be duly addressed. Local initiatives successfully fought for the recognition of colonial crimes (e.g. through having the designations of streets changed, that bore the name of colonial leaders) and historians emphasized how history and collective memory itself is often a construct rather than an organically grown development. The self-definition of a society or community is created through delimitation on the one hand and the construction of a common past through notions of unifying grandeur, such as military victories, on the other. The composition of the latter is supported by memorials, memorabilia, as well as historic artifacts. In the case of German colonial history, these items are vastly overshadowed the Third Reich and are often only viewed in its context. Recent history and the present show that there is still a long way to go when it comes to processing Germany’s colonial history. Many streets still carry the names of colonial commanders guilty of war crimes, and many memorials still show German colonialism in an exotic, rather romantic light.

Employment Law in UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment Law in UK - Case Study Example Since, the European law prevails over the domestic law, the domestic courts and tribunals have to apply relevant principles of the European law, which in this context refers to the EC Treaty and directives2. Sometimes, a court or tribunal directly applies the European law and sometimes, where there seems to be a conflict between domestic and European law, the European Court of Justice or the ECJ is asked to decide on the correct interpretation of the law. The ECJ's objective is to ensure the uniform interpretation and effective application of European law. In case of a conflict between domestic legislation and European law, an important consideration is whether the law concerned has direct effect in the UK. Article 141 of the EC Treaty3 has direct effect between private citizens or the horizontal effect and between private citizens and the state or the vertical effect. As per the provisions of the European Communities Act 1972, the European Community law forms part of UK domestic law. ... In respect of appellant claims, Section 2(4) of the 1970 Act is relevant and in order to be admissible in an employment tribunal, these claims have to be filed within the statutory time limit. In such cases the employment tribunal is empowered to grant a successful applicant the right to retrospective access to the scheme, subject to the payment of appropriate contributions, wherever the periods of employment were not earlier than the 8th of April 1976. The significance of this date is that from this date direct effect was given to the judgment of the European Court of Justice in Defrenne v Sabena6 and in this case the court held that article 119 of the EC Treaty7 provided for equal treatment in the right to join an occupational pension scheme. In Alabaster -v- Barclays Bank Plc8 Mrs. Alabaster pleaded that her employer's failure to incorporate her pay rise into her SMP was contrary to the Equal Pay Act 1970 and Article 141 of the EC Treaty. The ECJ ruled in her favour and held that there was a breach of EU law, resulting in the UK Government amending the SMP rules. The Employment Appeal Tribunal or EAT has ruled that the Equal Pay Act 1970 is not infringed by a pay system wherein employees with more service and experience were paid more than those with lesser service and experience even though most of the latter are female and most of the former are male. The argument that the ECJ decision in Nimz v Frie und Hansestadt Hamburg9 is not good law because of Handels- og Kontorfunktionrernes Forbund I Danmark v Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening10, is untenable, because the first case was concerned with part time employees whereas the

Computer Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Computer Security - Assignment Example After the user gets the TGT, he or she decrypts the TGT using the KINIT (Kizza 214). The user’s computer usually stores its key automatically but does not transmit it over the wire. The cache stores the TGT received from the KDC by the user for use during the session duration. However, the TGT has expiry duration set on it by the KDC after which the user cannot use it. With the help of TGT, the user can request KDC for a ticket to communicate with certain services within that network (Kizza 214). Kerberos are best applicable in management of highly confidential information within companies and institutions, where only one user can access information using a single entry key. With this authentication protocol, there is relatively reduced password piracy and database stealing. The authentication protocol enables easy implementation on embedded devices due to its one-way channel of authentication. Furthermore, there is mutual authentication of both the client and the server bringing about simplicity in inter-domain trust management (Dong and Chen 193). Storage of the infrastructure login credentials in one central server renders the system vulnerable to data loss and contamination if an attacker found access to the location. Poor password creation of a user can make an attacker guess and find the password details right (Dong and Chen 193). Although Kerberos serves to block unencrypted users from using the internet services, if accessed by malicious users, the whole system may be at risk. Nagamalai, Dhinaharan., Eric, Renault and Murugan, Dhanuskodi. Trends in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology: First International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Ccseit 2011, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, September 23-25, 2011, Proceedings. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

Nutritional Sciences Research Method class(the effects of physical Proposal

Nutritional Sciences Method class(the effects of physical activity and calcium intake on bone mineral density (BMD) in Saudi women based on DXA measurements) - Research Proposal Example 200, 30-50 years old Saudi women will be recruited within Jeddah or Riyadh and screened to exclude lactating, pregnant mothers and mothers with kidney, skeletal, menstrual dysfunction and any related disorders. Validated food frequency questionnaire specific to calcium will be used to assess consumption of dairy products at baseline and at 9 months. Subjects will record their exercise activities, both weight bearing and none weight bearing that they would have engaged in on a regular basis for at least 2 months. BMD will be assessed by Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data will be analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 6 (SPSS, v.6). A 3-way ANOVA, group-time-calcium intake will be used to determine possible effects of interaction in BMD between training mode and dietary calcium from baseline to 9months while statistical significance will be set at p Low Bone Mass Density is a skeletal disorder that is characterized by reduced strength of an individual bone’s density thus results into reduced strength predisposing an individual to an increased risk of fracture. Reduced bone mass density can be less severe and extreme severe depending on the stage of the disorder and can be classified as osteopaenia which is less severe or osteoporosis which is more severe. Osteoporosis and osteopaenia which are characterized by reduced BMD are an indication of decrease, structural deterioration as well as loss of connectivity within the bone tissue resulting into increased

MTV Arabia Entry Strategy

MTV Arabia Entry Strategy 56 local channels airing Arabian music as well as international numbers by entering into agreements with production houses and other TV networks transformed the Arab culture. One can easily describe Middle East as a region in the process of fast development and cultural change with a rapidly changing political and economic system as stated by Moran, R. T., Harris, P. R. Moran, S. V. (2007). Arabs are Muslims with strong cultural ties with the religion and the holy book, Middle East is way backwards then the west, Arab women wear veils and cover themselves and men wear traditional clothes. Middle East also has politically diverse forms of government, where religion plays the main role in many different ways. Middle East has entirely different cultural ties then the west like shame and honour, family, socialization and trust. Without doubt, Islam is the dominant characteristic of Arab culture and society and is used to define parameters for much of what constitutes the beliefs and actions in Arab Society. Middle East, delineates a number of features of their culture and society with following social characteristics as noted by Leidner, D. L. Kayworth, T. R. (2008): Social Diversity Hierarchical Class Structure Patriarchal relations, particularly in the family Primary group relations Continuing dependency and underdevelopment Some of the salient features of Arab culture: low hypometropia, at least by the standards of developing nations, and very high monumentalism. Arab monumentalism is strongest in the world and comes together with the lowest suicide rates as noted by Minkow, M. (2011). Challenges posed to MTV MTVs worldwide image adds to everything they do special entering a country with strong cultural and conventional ties. As the information provided special projects manager at trends magazine Dubai explains that MTV is known in the market for inclining towards airing controversial program. Also it is an American brand hence carrying Americas liberal cultural values around the world therefore it will be a challenge for the brand to enter a religious and conservative market and air controversial material. Strong anti-American sentiments prevalent among a large section of the population, Issues such as US invasion of Iraq and its support to arch enemy Israel had left many Arabs angry consequently presenting another challenge for an American brand. MTV is a brand of MTV Networks (MTVN) and MTV Arabia launched in 2007 in Middle East was a very challenging step for MTVN, which posed bigger challenges like culturally sensitive environment. The biggest challenge faced was to keep the balance between international quality music and culturally sensitive environment of the region. Also Middle East is a very highly regulated and complex business arena comparing to the western world and companies had to follow more stringent rules and regulations to operate in Middle East. Targeting pan-Arab youth audiences were also another challenge posed to the American brand. Young people represent 65 percent of the population in the Middle East, which was also a challenge for MTVN. This large population of youth attracted other local music channels to start operating in the region, even before MTV Arabias entrance hence these channels had developed a better understanding of the local audiences taste and posed a bigger threat to MTVNs growth in the Middle East. MTV Arabia had to compete with 50 Music Channels operating in Middle East, hence the fierce competition in the market also posed a challenge. Another challenge posed to MTVN while entering Middle East market was its international reputation of airing sexually explicit and provocative programmes. MTVN also had western values attached with the brand and representing an image of open Western culture, opposite to the socially conservative culture of the Middle East was another challenge for MTV to enter Middle East. MTV had to find a balance between explicit music culture and the conservative social culture in the Middle East. Cultural differences among Middle East countries were another challenge posed to MTVN. The cultural ties between the countries in Middles East also differ posing another challenge to MTVN. The American managers interacting with managers from the Middle East might misinterpret the late arrival of a potential business partner as a negotiation play or insult, when it is rather a simple reflection of different views of time and its value in the Middle East as noted by Griffin, R. W. (2011). Also adopting local standards and trying to localize they brand may result in over localization and eventually dilute the brand. Too much localization or personalization can obviously breed logistical chaos and dilute the brand, so customization is usually carried out in clusters using local geographical or lifestyle data as noted by Watson, R. (2010). MTVs strategy in Middle East MTVI had an international strategy of creating joint ventures and contracts with channels already native to a new market. In Middle East MTVN had the same strategy and made a deal with Showtime Arabia as part of the deal Show Time Arabia aired MTV English and Nickelodeon with subtitles in Arabic, which helped introducing the American brand in the market with an already established radio network. After an introduction of the brand, MTVN later on made ties with local partner (Arab Media Group) AMG as part of their strategy to entry the Middle East market. Later on MTV Arabia was launched by the end of year 2006 joint ventured with Arabian Television Network (ATN). According to the information provided MTV Networks (MTVN) launched MTV Arabia on November 17, 2007, in partnership with Arabian Television Network (ATN). The core of the MTV strategy was to provide the region with a platform where Arabs can voice their concerns and it would also be an international music platform. Targeting huge youth populace in Middle East was also one of the main constituent of MTVs strategy to enter Middle East. MTV targeted the youth group of age 12 to 24 and presented itself as a fabric of youth culture. MTV Arabia involved itself in extensive research of the market and data collection which enabled the channel to respond audience diversity and different cultures. Understanding the next generation was also at the heart of MTVN, for which it had to engage itself in continuous market research, which was one of the characters of MTVs strategy in Middle East. MTV also pushed itself as cultural unifying force in a region known for its political tensions. The countries in the Middle East are known for having cross border tensions, MTV Arabia market itself in a way to become unifying force between the Middle Eastern countries with the help of an international platform for music. MTVN had to face competition from approximately fifty music channels operating in Middle East. They had to come up with a strategy to market them self in the market in a way which will help them attract audience. This strategy was being unique and different from the existing music channels choosing differentiation. In differentiation strategies, the emphasis is on creating value through sustainable uniqueness as noted by Harrison, J. S. John, G. H. S. (2010). Even after the launch of MTV Arabia they still carried on conquering the market. MTV-AMG launched Nickelodeon Arabia in 2008, as part of the strategy to build a portfolio of integrated kids businesses across the region. MTV Global Expansion Strategy One of the major steps by MTVN was its first overseas channel in Europe in 1987 and the international arm. International arm MTVI, by the mid-1990s launched a strategy of think globally, act locally and then expanding to MTV Australia, MTV Asia, MTV India, MTV China, MTV Germany and other parts of the world. MTV Arabia was a part of MTVNs global expansion strategy the brands known for its global expansion. The core of the global expansion policy was the same slogan think globally, act locally. This enabled the brand to conquer international markets like China, Australia and Europe, but Middle East posed a bigger challenge. In 2006 MTVI served to an audience of one billion and expanded its operations in 179 countries which included operations in Latin America, Europe and other parts of the world. At one time MTVI operated more than 130 channels, websites along with broadband services in more than 25 languages. By the end of 2007 MTVI had become the major network of Viacom Inc. with more than 140 channels around the world catering to a potential 1.5 billion viewers globally. The following table-1 represents their different websites operated by MTV in different parts of the world: Table MTV Worldwide Websites MTV Worldwide 1 MTV Adria 14 MTV France 27 MTV Malaysia 40 MTV Slovenia 2 MTV Africa 15 MTV Germany 28 MTV MENA 41 MTV Spain 3 MTV Asia 16 MTV Hits UK Ireland 29 MTV Netherlands 42 MTV Sweden 4 MTV Australia 17 MTV Hungry 30 MTV Networks Europe 43 MTV Switzerland 5 MTV Base UK Ireland 18 MTV Idol France 31 MTV New Zealand 44 MTV Taiwan 6 MTV Belgium 19 MTV India 32 MTV Norway 45 MTV Thailand 7 MTV Canada 20 MTV Israel 33 MTV Philippines 46 MTV Turkey 8 MTV Czech Republic 21 MTV Italy 34 MTV Poland 47 MTV UK Ireland 9 MTV China 22 MTV Japan 35 MTV Portugal 48 MTV Ukraine 10 MTV Croatia 23 MTV Korea 36 MTV Romania 49 MTV2 UK 11 MTV Denmark 24 MTV Latin America 37 MTV Russia 12 MTV Europe 25 MTV Latin America Revolution 38 MTV Serbia 13 MTV Finland 26 MTV LIVE 39 MTV Singapore Hence shows the strategic management of MTVN to think globally and act locally, catering their website, TV channel and the music according to the requirements and needs of every market. They take each port of the world locally developing different set of strategies for every country with the same core strategy of think globally and act locally. MTVs localization Strategy A localization strategy could be easily explained as the strategy which emphasizes on increasing profitability by catering the companys products or services so that they provide a product which is catered to the tastes and preferences of the local market as noted by Hill, C. Jones, G. R. (2010). MTV has a different localization strategy for every part of the world, the management at MTV understands the cultural differences across borders and they have a different localization strategy catered to according to the culture of the specific country. The company has different websites for each part of the world they are operating catered to the local culture of the community as shown by table-1. MTVs localization strategy also involved tying up with local channels and learning local culture and differences and then over time acquiring local channels. Like in early 2000s MTV entered Australia and joint ventured with Austereo (commercial radio network in the country and later on acquired Austereo. This strategy is also used in the case of Middle East where MTV used Showtime Arabia before entering the market and aired its reality shows and music with Arabic Subtitle. Later on MTVN joint ventured with AMG to launch MTV Arabia. MTV Arabias localization strategy involves following: English programs with subtitles in the local language Arabic version of International Music and Reality Shows Not to export American Culture Meeting political and government leaders MTVN launched programs with subtitles in Arabic with the help of Showtime Arabia and also used the strategy of meeting political figures and higher authorities as they did in China, Israel and Cuba. This strategy always proved successful for MTVN in all their recent entries to all the different parts of the world. Another major constituent of the localization strategy was not to export American culture helping the brand to fight its American image. To strategically develop products localized to Arab culture MTV Arabia had a decentralized structure with commercial and creative autonomy to the local staff, this enabled MTV Arabia to come up with programs catered to the local culture. MTV Arabias launch team had six members and they were Saudis, Palestinians, Emiratis, Iraqis, and Lebanese. This local mix helped MTV Arabia fight their American image and air globally successful music shows but with a local flavour to suit the Arab mindset. Strategy of providing Mixed Content to the Market MTVs mixed content strategy included airing sixty percent international music and forty percent Arabic music, along with the local version of the channels popular international non-music shows. Producing at least forty five percent of the content locally was at the heart of MTVs mixed content strategy. For the same reason MTV Arabia had a local launch team which produced the local content. MTVN had conducted extensive market research by going to colleges and universities and interviewing higher authorities and parents collecting data vital for the channel to reach its target of producing forty five percent of the content locally. MTV has used providing mixed content strategy in India and China and other parts of the world as well hence the company already had the expertise of producing mixed content. Decentralization provided exactly what was required for the local market and it had all the ingredients for MTV Arabia to be successful in Middle East. MTV and its Success in Middle East MTVs extensive experience in the global market enables them to cater their localization strategy and provide localized material which will certainly help MTV Arabia to be successful in the market as the Middle East market has youth as the major portion of the market. MTV Arabia targeting youth and actively engaging youth by providing them a platform to voice their concerns and to promote Arabian music is all what is required a market like Middle East. Another major reason for MTV Arabias success would be its image in the market, during data collection MTVN discovered that majority of the respondents thought that MTV was an Indian or European brand. Hence brand does not have to work as much as was the gimmick in the market that MTVN is an American brand and it will have to face tough cultural complexities in the market. The local launch team has provided answers to all such questions and now the brand is as localized as it could be. MTVN conducted surveys targeting the 18 to 24 age group and travelling around the Middle East to schools and university campuses for data collection, qualitative data also collected by interviewing figures of authority and elderly people, including speaking to government leaders and parents which will be a major reason for channels success in the Middle East Respecting Arab traditions and showing no disrespect to the local culture also providing a platform for Arab Music and culture is another factor in the success of MTV Arabia. Encouraging education and looking for solutions to problems like unemployment was another factor in the success of MTV Arabia and will help in future. Such initiatives help sending a positive signal about the brand in the market and the audiences starts accepting an relating themselves with the brand, which will be a major factor in success of MTV in the Middle East. All the international programmes which are aired by MTV Arabia are edited to cater cultural needs and requirements, music videos and reality shows are also edited to ensure they are aligned with the cultural ethos prevailing in the Middle East. All these factors helped MTV Arabia to be more localized and exceptive for the Muslim audience in Middle East. Too much localisation can dilute the brand MTV Arabia kept the balance in not to dilute the brand entirely by keeping sixty percent of the content international. This strategy also proved vital and it also incorporated respecting local cultures without diluting the brand. MTV Arabia focused on providing the youth with a platform where they can voice their concerns and also show their music talent was something which will help the brand to be successful in the Middle East Market.

The Progressive Period Essay -- American Government, Roosevelt, Politi

In 1901, America welcomed the youngest president to ever rule, President Theodore Roosevelt. At forty-two years old, the former New York governor dominated the news unlike any previous president had done. His many exploits, such as boxing and horseback riding, led the press to gain interest in him. Known for being very outgoing and likable, Roosevelt used his personality and popularity to advance in his programs. â€Å"His leadership and publicity campaigns helped create the modern presidency, making him a model by which all future presidents would be measured†(524). He felt that the government should take control when states show incompetence in dealing with problems. Roosevelt saw the presidency as a â€Å"bully pulpit.† He believed he could use the media to persuade the public, rather than going to congress. â€Å"By 1900, trusts-legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies-controlled about four-fifths of the industries in the United States†(525). Some trusts used unfair business practices. This gave trusts a bad reputation. There were many trusts that lowered their prices to drive competitors out of the market. These trusts then took advantage of the lack of competition and jacked prices up even higher. Even though Congress passed the Sherman Anti Trust Act in 1890, the act’s indistinct language made enforcement difficult. â€Å"President Roosevelt did not believe that all trusts were harmful, but he sought to curb the actions of those that hurt the public interest†(525). The president’s main focus was filing suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Roosevelt made newspaper headlines in 1902 when he ordered the Justice Department to sue the Northern Securities Company, which established a monopoly over northwestern railroads. The Suprem... ...air business practices. The FTC issued over 400 cease and desist orders. Under Taft’s administration, the LaFollette Seamen’s Act was passed in 1915. This law helped improve conditions for sailors in the merchant marine considerably. In 1916 goods manufactured by children were outlawed due to the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act. Child labor was declared unconstitutional in 1918, as was the Chile Labor Act of 1919. Interstate railroads were provided an 8-hour day by the Adamson Act of 1916. The Smith-Lever Act was passed in 1914 during Taft’s presidency. Under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture, this act granted Federal funds to states for farm extension work. Two years later, the Federal Farm Loan Act was passed in 1916, providing farmers with long-term credit facilities similar to those granted business and industry under the Federal Reserve Act.

The Effect of Neurotransmission on Human Behavior

1. 2: Using one or more examples, explain effects of neurotransmission on human behavior: Our nervous systems consist of between 10 to 100 billion neurons; each of which making 13 trillion connections with each other through electrochemical messages that allow people to respond to stimuli, from the environment or from internal changes in a person’s body. The neurons send these electrochemical messages through neurotransmission.Electrical impulses traveling down the axon (body) of a neuron, instigates the release of neurotransmitters, which travel over the synapse, which is the gap between two neurons. Once the neurotransmitters cross the synapse, they go into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane of a neuron, and after having passed on the message, they are either broken down or reabsorbed by the terminal buttons of the neuron, in a process known as reuptake. Neurotransmission has been shown to affect a large range of human behaviors.Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that effects sleep, arousal levels, and emotion. In a 1999 study at Tokyo University, its effects were seen. Kasamatsu and Hirai conducted this study in order to examine the way that sensory deprivations affects the brain. They studied a group of monks going on a 72-hour pilgrimage without food or water. The monks endured the weather without shelter from the cold, and didn’t speak among themselves. Two thirds of the way through the pilgrimage, the hallucinations began, taking the shape of ancient ancestors, or just a presence at their side.Blood samples, taken immediately after the monks reported their hallucinations, were compared to blood samples taken prior to the pilgrimage, and showed increased serotonin levels. These increased serotonin levels activated the hypothalamus and the frontal cortex, causing the monk’s hallucinations. Kasamatsu and Hirai were able to conclude that sensory deprivation caused increase in serotonin levels, which altered the monks’ perce ption and behavior. Neurotransmitters, like serotonin, can play a large role in human behavior.However, it is considered reductionist to rely solely on them to explain human behavior; they only play a role and can’t be held fully responsible for behavior. Research and increased knowledge of neurotransmission has led to the development of drugs that can either simulate a neurotransmitter in the case of a deficiency, or block a receptor site if there are excessive neurotransmitters. Understanding how neurotransmitters can affect behavior has led to the development of these drugs, which have helped many people.

Learn Interesting Geographic Facts About Texas

Learn Interesting Geographic Facts About Texas Texas is a state located in the United States. It is the second largest of the fifty United States based on both area and population (Alaska and California are first respectively). The largest city in Texas is Houston while its capital is Austin. Texas is bordered by the U.S. states of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana but also by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico. Texas is also one of the fastest-growing states in the U.S. Population:  28.449 million  (2017 estimate)Capital:  AustinBordering States:  New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and LouisianaBordering Country:  MexicoLand Area:  268,820 square miles (696,241 sq km)Highest Point: Guadalupe Peak at 8,751 feet (2,667 m) Ten Geographic Facts to Know About the State of Texas Throughout its history, Texas was ruled by six different nations. The first of these was Spain, followed by France and then Mexico until 1836 when the territory became an independent republic. In 1845, it became the 28th U.S. state to enter the Union and in 1861, it joined the Confederate States and seceded from the Union during the Civil War.Texas is known as the Lone Star State because it was once an independent republic. The states flag features a lone star to signify this as well as its fight for independence from Mexico.The state constitution of Texas was adopted in 1876.The economy of Texas is known for being based on oil. It was discovered in the state in the early 1900s and the population of the area exploded. Cattle is also a large industry associated with the state and it developed after the Civil War.In addition to its past oil-based economy, Texas has invested strongly in its universities and as a result, today it has a very diverse economy with various high tech industri es including energy, computers, aerospace, and biomedical sciences. Agriculture and petrochemicals are also growing industries in Texas. Because Texas is such a large state, it has a highly varied topography. The state has ten climatic regions and 11 different ecological regions. The topography types vary from mountainous to the forested hill country to coastal plains and prairies in the interior. Texas also has 3,700 streams and 15 major rivers but there are no large natural lakes in the state.Despite its being known for having desert landscapes, less than 10% of Texas is actually considered desert. The desert and mountains of Big Bend are the only areas in the state with this landscape. The rest of the state is coastal swamps, woods, plains, and low rolling hills.Texas also has a varied climate due to its size. The panhandle portion of the state bigger temperature extremes than does the Gulf Coast, which is milder. For example, Dallas which is located in the northern part of the state has a July average high of 96ËšF (35ËšC) and an average January low of 34ËšF (1.2ËšC). Galveston on the other hand, which is located on the Gulf Coast, rarely has summer temperatures over 90ËšF (32ËšC) or winter lows below 50ËšF (5ËšC). The Gulf Coast region of Texas is prone to hurricanes. In 1900, a hurricane hit Galveston and destroyed the entire city and may have killed as many as 12,000 people. It was the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Since then, there have been many more devastating hurricanes that have hit Texas.Most of Texass population is centered around its metropolitan areas and in the eastern part of the state. Texas has a growing population and as of 2012, the state had 4.1 million foreign-born residents. It is estimated however that 1.7 million of those residents are illegal immigrants. To learn more about Texas, visit the states official website.Source: Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Texas: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108277.html

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Companies must condone employees’ healthy lifestyles, in order to increase productivity within the workplace, which will potentially lead to higher profits. By encouraging their employees to lead healthy lifestyles, and partake in regular physical activity, companies will be projecting a positive image to society, improving the lives or their workers, whilst simultaneously reaping the financial benefits. As well as producing financial benefits, a healthy lifestyle can bring physiological and social benefits to companies and their employees. Physical activity has been proven to increase productivity in the workplace. In a recent study of worker performance, Pronk stated that â€Å"higher levels of physical activity related to reduced decrements in quality of work performance and overall job performance. † (2004, p. 19) This increase in productivity and efficiency created by healthier employees will eventually lead to higher profits for companies. A healthier employee will lead to a healthier bottom line, however this is not the only benefit that companies will receive as a result of encouraging regular exercise. As well as being more energetic and productive, a healthier employee is generally happier. A workplace comprised of happy employees will lead to higher worker morale, and will create a more positive, friendlier workplace in general. Although the consequential increase in productivity will lead to higher profits, companies will financially benefit from condoning regular physical activities in more ways than one. U. S. postal company UPS experienced the following benefits after they implemented their †Comprehensive Safety and Health Process† in 1995. On the whole, UPS has seen a decrease in absenteeism, an increase in productivity and morale, and a 60% reduction in on the job injuries since the program was first implemented. † (Bloom, 2008, p. 41) By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, companies will potentially save funds spent on sick leave and workers’ compensation payouts, as healthy, fit employees are less likely to fall sick or be injured. Should they sustain injuries within the workplace, it is more likely that their injuries will be less serious than those sustained by an unfit or overweight employee. The financial benefits of condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles were further outlined in a study that observed the outcomes of a health and productivity program implemented within the workplace. â€Å"Financially speaking, an effective, comprehensive, properly executed Hamp;P (health and productivity) program can drive significant business results†¦. employers have implemented successful Hamp;P programs leading to improved health, increased productivity and lower benefits costs – and, in turn, higher levels of performance, returns to shareholders and market premiums. (Wolf, 2008, p. 7) This study successfully reinforced each aspect of the financial benefit for companies of condoning regular physical activities and healthy lifestyles. Although the financial benefits for companies are extensive, the positive influence of employees’ healthy lifestyles extends much further into society. When encouraged by their employers to exercise regularly and lead healthy lifestyles, employees will more than likely continue to live healthily at home. Health is after all, a lifestyle, and it will extend and apply to all aspects of employees’ lives. Given the current rising obesity epidemic, this positive influence will have a considerable impact on society, and eventually encourage other members of the community to adopt healthy lifestyles. An aspect of this issue that may be argued is that of its influence on childhood obesity. Whilst adult obesity is on the rise, childhood obesity is also rapidly increasing. Some members of society may criticise that whilst employers condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles could decrease the prevalence of adult obesity, it will have no effect on the lifestyles of children in the community. Whilst it is true that it will take much more than the encouragement of employers to address the issue of obesity, it is a step in the right direction for all members of society. Although employers may only be encouraging their workers to exercise and lead healthy lifestyles, they are, at the same time, encouraging their employees’ families to do the same. Should an employee decide to adopt a healthy lifestyle, and take advantage of the incentives offered to them by their employers, it is likely that this will have such a positive effect on their lives that they will then happily condone similar lifestyle changes to other members of their family, including their children. This encouragement may include preparing healthier meals at home, limiting intake of unhealthy convenience foods, and making exercise a regular, family activity. By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, and promoting regular exercise, employers will not only be improving their profits, and increasing the health of their employees, they will also have a positive influence on the lifestyles of their workers families, and project a positive image to the community. However small their impact may be, it will help society work toward eliminating obesity, decreasing the occurrence of lifestyle related illnesses such as adult-onset (Type 2) diabetes, and creating a healthier community in general. In order to enable their employees to lead healthy lifestyles and exercise regularly, employers must offer a means, and incentive to their workers, to encourage them to adopt this lifestyle change. This could be done in a number of ways, including offering employees a discount on gymnasium memberships, subsidising or even reimbursing the cost. Companies could also invest in the installation of fitness facilities within the workplace, making exercise and fitness even more accessible to their employees. By offering this benefit to all workers, companies are also increasing the ways in which they can attract new employees. This may be the incentive needed to encourage highly employable workers to apply for positions within their company, as they are offering additional benefits, and creating a more appealing workplace in general. It may be argued that the cost of installing fitness facilities, or subsidising gym memberships would be a waste of company funding. However, this can potentially be viewed as an asset for companies. Companies invest in their employees each day, by paying them wages, benefits and superannuation. However, in order to gain the maximum return on their investment, companies must make sure that their employees are working efficiently and productively, and generating high revenues. The best way of doing this is by ensuring that their employees are physically fit and healthy, making them more productive, and an asset to the company, instead of a potential liability. Therefore, it can be concluded that condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles and encouraging regular exercise is a credible way of increasing worker productivity and efficiency, which will ultimately lead to higher revenue for companies. Whilst companies may incur initial costs when implementing health and productivity programs, they will potentially be saving company funds spent on sick leave payments and workers compensation payouts, which can often be very expensive. In addition to increased profits, companies will be projecting a positive image to the community, and influencing other members of society to adopt healthier lifestyles and helping to cease the rise in obesity. Bibliography Bloom, S. 2008). Employee Wellness Program: How UPS Improved Productivity amp; Reduced Injuries. Professional Safety, p. 41 Pronk, N. P. , et al. (2004). The Association Between Work Performance and Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Fitness and Obesity. Journal of Occupational amp; Environmental Medicine, 46, p. 19-25 Wolf, S. (2008). A Truly Healthy Bottom Line – Improving Financial Results Through Effective Health and Productivity Programs. Benefits Quarterly, 24, p. 7

Final question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final question - Assignment Example This has led to a situation where no one is taking care of the workers because of poor labor standards. In addition, the environment is least cared for. These can be corrected by forming powerful unions that advocate for the rights of workers. In addition, international laws on issues such as environment need to be adopted by all countries to avoid further environmental degradation. Thirdly, globalization has led to the increase in arms trade thereby increasing conflicts. To avoid this, governments need to check their military budgets and allocate more resources to other key sectors of the economy. In addition, enforcing international rules on arms trade can help prevent the excessive movement of arms. Finally, economic globalization gives rise to complex trade rules that limit trade between countries. Such complexities can be avoided if countries formulate rules that enhance equity and fairness. Although globalization promises benefits to all countries, economic inequality is however causing the opposite. Countries that are economically sound continue to exploit the poor countries, thereby creating unbalanced development. Globalization has worsened the issue of inequality in the sense that powerful countries have formulated laws that limit the ability of other countries to predicate in global economic activities. For instance, it has been argued by Jennifer Olmsted (2007) that countries such as Iraq and Palestine have been denied the right to take part in the globalization economy due to sanctions and international policies. Powerful countries continue to exploit poor nations, thereby making the rift bigger. Due to inequality, people from poor nations are engaging less in productive activities; suffer high mortality rates and the rates of illiteracy increase. This in turn shapes globalization by limiting the ability of these people to engage in globalization activities. The solution to this is

Ethics Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics Form - Essay Example It was for the need to ensure that respondents had adequate time in reviewing their questions that questionnaire was preferred over interview. With questionnaire, respondents were free to attend to questions at any suitable time for them without rush. 8. Will informed consent will be appropriately documented? (While a consent signature is standard, note that anonymous surveys can obtain implied consent by informing the participant, â€Å"To protect your privacy, no consent signature is requested. Instead, you may indicate your consent by clicking here/returning this survey in the enclosed envelope.†) As far as participants are concerned, conflict of interest was avoided by ensuring that questions were given to respondents in such a way that participants did not deal with questions that bore their direct interest. The central explanation of the PIS was based on the research purpose. The statement of research purpose thus formed the first sentence of the PIS so as to ensure that participants came to appreciate the research purpose. No clearly defined compensations were put in place. It is for this reason that the researcher made personal contact with the participants instead of making participants spend fund to come to researcher. 18. Does the PIS explain how the participant can contact the researcher and the university’s Research Participant Advocate? (USA number 001-612-312-1210) or email address liverpoolethics@ohecampus.com). 21. Are adequate measures in place to adequately protect participants from coercion to participate, distress, loss of work/school time, damage to professional reputation, physical/psychological harm, and loss of privacy? 23. If the researcher happens to also serve in a trusted or authoritative role to the participant (e.g., health care provider, teacher, etc.), do the recruitment procedures

Retail grocery industry in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail grocery industry in Australia - Essay Example There are a few publicly listed supermarket based chains, global operators and wholesaler managed chains that operate in the industry and offer grocery foods in varied retail formats. These assorted retailers contend with more than 30,000 specialty food offering businesses including shopfronts and multiple franchise based operators (Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). The prime objective of this study is to analyse the retail grocery industry in Australia in keeping with micro and macro-economic factors. Market Structure–Production Sector Nature of Production Nature of production in any industry bears a major impact on the overall cost of the produced offerings owing to the fact that it entails crucial constituents such as value addition components, stock control and production operations. In terms of stages of production, it is determined that a number of goods pass through diverse stages of production. Mainly, there are three production stages categorised under primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary: This stage entails the extraction of different raw materials from the soil. In relation to grocery retail industry, the primary offerings include food as well as non-food items that are prepared from the scratch with the aid of procuring different raw materials (Bized, 2012). Secondary: This stage entails converting raw materials into other related offerings. With regard to grocery retail industry in Australia, the organisations focus on providing high quality processed products through the use of required materials (Bized, 2012). Tertiary: This particular stage involves services provided to the business and consumers. This phase is mainly identified as a part of service industry. The Australian grocery retail industry emphasizes efficient handling of variable costs arising from providing quality services by generating greater footfall in the stores by enhanced consumer footfall. It also focuses on ensuring economies of scale along wi th rendering in-store services (Bized, 2012; Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). Factors Differentiating the Market Australian grocery retail market can be differentiated through three major factors that include price differentiation, product differentiation and market segmentation. The marketers operating in the grocery retail market in Australia aim to differentiate their offering by targeting high quality assorted products for their identified target markets. Price Differentiation: Price discrimination or differentiation is referred as the quality of an exporter to fix the price in terms of market scenario. This behaviour notifies the exporter to exchange the rate by changing the price of its products. In certain terms, it can be said that price discrimination is the theory of changing prices for different consumers. In Australian grocery retail market perspective, price discrimination plays a vital role. Price differentiation is essentially divided into three parts that include first-degree price discrimination, second-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination. In Australian grocery retail market, the price discrimination is very much important for the strategies adopted by the suppliers

Mass programming Essay Example for Free

Mass programming Essay PLDs are standard ICs, available in standard configurations. They are sold in high volume to many different customers. PLDs may be configured or programmed to create a part customized to a specific application. They have a single large block of programmable interconnect and consist of a matrix of logic macrocells that usually consists of programmable array logic followed by a flip-flop or latch. Types of PLDs are PROM, EPROM, PAL and PLA. PROM uses metal fuse that can be blown permanently. EPROM uses programmable MOS transistors whose characteristics are altering by applying a high voltage. PAL or Programmable Array Logic consists of a programmable AND logic array or AND plane, and fixed OR plane. PLA or Programmable Logic Array has a programmable AND plane followed by programmable OR plane. Based on type of programming PLDs may be classified as Erasable PLD (EPLD) and Mask-programmed PLD. It is characterized by customized mask layer and logic cells (Smith, 1997: 14). (Smith, 1997) Advantages Fast design turnaround. Disadvantages Mass programming is not possible. It is more complex than PLDs. A field programmable gate array is a VLSI circuit that can be programmed in the user’s location. A typical FPGA consists of an array of hundreds or thousands of logic blocks surrounded by programmable input and output blocks and connected together via programmable interconnections. There is a wide variety of internal configuration within these devices. The performance of each device depends on the circuit contained in their logic blocks and their efficiency of their programmed inter connections. Here none of mask layers are customized. There exists a method for programming basic cells and the interconnect. The core of FPGA is a regular array of combinational and sequential programmable basic logic cells. It has a matrix of programmable interconnect that surrounds the basic cells and programmable I/O cells around the core. A typical FPGA block consists of look up tables, multiplexers, gates and flipflops. The look up table is a truth table stored in a SRAM and provides a combinational circuit functions for the logic blocks. These functions are realized from the truth table stored in the SRAM (Smith, 1997: 16). (Smith, 1997) Advantages Design turnaround is a few hours The truth table can be re-programmable. Easy to layout on PCBs. Disadvantages The memory is volatile and presents the need for the look up table content to be reloaded when power is disrupted. Routing is easily blocked. The design requires extensive CAD tools to facilitate the synthesis procedure. FPGAs may be broadly classified as homogenous and heterogeneous FPGAs. As the name implies homogenous consists of only one type of logic cell and heterogeneous contains different types of logic cells. They can also be classified as Island type, Hierarchical and Row based FPGAs. Island Type FPGA It is common to Xilinx and Altera. Here, the logic blocks are arranged in a matrix form. They are interconnected by horizontal and vertical routing wires. The routing wires are connected using programmable routing switches. (Sharma, 2005) Hierarchical FPGAs It comprises of a tree based interconnect structure. The leaves represent logic blocks. Two types of connecting boxes are present. The hexagon shaped boxes represent non compressing switches (no. of root going tracks = twice the no. of incoming tracks) and the diamond shaped boxes represent compressing switches (no. of root going tracks = no. of incoming tracks).

Anti-Federalist :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most Americans were very suspicious of government, but the Anti- Federalist was really mistrustful of the government in general and strong national government. This mistrust was the basis of their opposition to the constitution. They feared it had created a government the people could not control. Many distinguished Americans were Anti-Federalists. Leaders included George Mason and Elbridge Gerry. Both attended the Philadelphia Convention but had refused to sign the constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Anti-Federalist argued that the Constitution had many flaws. The thought that it should have been developed in meetings whose proceedings was open to the public. And it would undermine a republican form of government. It gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the powers of state governments. It gave too much power to the executive branch of the national government at the expense of the other branches. It gave too much power because of the â€Å"necessary and proper clause.† It did not adequately separate the powers of the executive and legislative branches. In addition, it allowed the national government to keep an army during peacetime. And also it did not include a bill of rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They feared that because of these flaws in the Constitution, the new national government would be a threat to their national rights. They also thought that the constitution had been developed by an elite and privileged group to create a national government for the purpose of serving its own selfish interest. They thought the only safe government that if it had a local and closely linked with the will of the people. And controlled by the people, by such means as we have yearly elections and replacing peopled in key positions often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federalist knew that many members of Congress and the state governments were against the new Constitution, largely because it reduced their powers. So the federalist decided not to ask the Congress or state governments to approve the Constitution, even though they were expected to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, now that the Constitution has worked successfully for 200 years, it would be easy to ignore the anti-federalist of 1787 and 1788 as an unimportant historical force, a collection of no constructive reactionaries and cranks. Actually, the anti-federalist may well have represented the views of the majority of the Americans, whose reasons for preferring the old Articles of Confederation were firmly within the democratic tradition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Among the anti-federalist were fiery old patriot leaders who feared

How My Academic Background Will Help Me

The centerpiece of my college education was that it offered me a chance to read extensively, develop writing skills and learn to think logically, coherently and analytically. I developed and nurtured these skills inadvertently by participating in class discussions, group work and research papers. These tools have subsequently been useful in my personal and work experiences. The breadth and depth of my college curriculum offered me the chance to take classes that cut across a broad spectrum of academic disciplines. The relevance of such a broad educational preparation to management is that it helps widen the horizon of analytical, service and product possibilities. Nevertheless, I was cognizant of the need for me to acquire work experience to help ground my education in a practical framework prior to enrolling in graduate school. My choice of management as the area of career interest was not fortuitous. My relentless participation in extracurricular activities in college and the insights I gained helping my mother in her small business helped galvanize my interest in management training and MBA education. Hence my interest in a finance and brokerage operations work after college. By virtue of my three-year work experience, I have been exposed to several management challenges and opportunities. Perhaps most importantly, the challenges have reinforced my interest to seek modern management solutions. I am intrigued by the manner in which the various facets of management affect each other including finance, operations, human resources, marketing, strategy and information technology. My career plan has been to seek different experiences by virtue of six-month stints in different departments. In this connection, I have had assignments in corporate finance, brokerage and human resources, culminating in my current position in back-office operations and settlement. In the above roles, certain characteristics have been apparent to me as critical success factors. I have learned that the attributes of teamwork, initiative, sense of urgency and leadership are at the core of success in management activities. In graduate business school, I would seek to explore the intricacies of modern business management efforts, challenges and opportunities. Moreover, I intend to learn about the relationships of the various disciplines within management and how their interplay may be optimized to benefit a particular entity.

children’s picture books

Picture books are intended to demo kids how to deduce pleasance from reading. They fuse humourous secret plans with capturing illustrations in order to keep the attending of the kid. The add-on of images can increase the length of service of a book ‘s involvement ; they are designed to be read over and over once more and therefore the kid needs to be provided with something more than a simplistic plot line. Picture books besides encourage verbal interaction and reading aloud with a parent in order to develop a kid ‘s assurance before the inevitable ‘reading aloud ‘ lessons at school. Verbal sleight is an of import accomplishment to develop and regards literacy. The function of illustrations in this medium is chiefly to supply excess stimulation although, like music and wordss, they each become every bit of import as the other. Some writers are synonymous with illustration manners such as Roald Dahl and Quentin Blake who form a cohesive force in stimulating lit erature for older kids. It is in this very stimulation that the function of image books in the development of literacy can genuinely be seen. Art and literature are effectual signifiers of look, which can be combined to great consequence to better apprehension, and as E.M. Forster pondered â€Å"How can I know what I think until I see what I say? † The resistance to visualize books, a apparently unoffending artistic enterprise to the untrained oculus, is surprisingly fierce. Protheroe ( 1992, p.7 ) considers image books the â€Å"banner at the caput of the present relentless patterned advance towards educational failure† which originated to stamp down the vocabulary of the working categories. She voices concern that by supplying kids with images they are being discouraged to visualize things for themselves ; their imaginativeness is stunted. Yet, a John Vernon Lord explains in his talk, the bulk of his images are born from his imaginativeness instead than from life so how could something so innately inventive dissuade similar idea? In add-on, even with the most apparently basic of image books, such as Rosie's Walk, there is ever something else to add. For illustration, Rosie ‘s Walk, has apparently small secret plan ( it is a affair of pages long and merely accounts a biddy walking through a farmyard ) nevertheless, the images provide a whole new kingdom of possibility for the imaginativeness. Although Rosie does non interact with any other animate beings, she passes several, many of whom witness the trials of the fox. As a kid surveies the images they can contrive reactions and full lives for the sub-characters. The toads are sent winging as the fox muffs and dips into the pool – did the toads think this was ill-mannered? Did the fox apologise? The caprine animal who grazes by the hayhock is seen in the background of a ulterior scene, watching the fox acquire struck by the falling flour – was the caprine animal amused? Concerned for Rosie? Vernon Lord and Burroway demonstrate a acute oculus for item and supply the kid with an chance to believe outside the information with which they are ab initio presented. This is particularly true of a brief narrative like Rosie ‘s Walk as the kid will about surely grow accustomed to the secret plan after several readings and expression for other stimulation in the narrative. In direct contrast to Protheroe ‘s concerns, it seems that images, used skilfully, could in fact promote a higher degree of shrewdness from a kid who would hold long become tired of the few words in Rosie ‘s Walk if it lacked images. However, to assume that a image book may be wholly simplistic or patronize the potency of a kid possibly underestimates the writer. For illustration, in Rosie ‘s Walk, the kid is placed in a senior place of cognition in comparing to the supporter. Hutchins credits the reader as the omniscient being while Rosie remains blissfully incognizant of her chaser. The comedy of this narrative besides provides many degrees. On the surface, there is the authoritative slapstick comedy as the fox collides with a profligate. Slapstick creates the instantaneous temper and entreaties to child-like love of anticing in both kid and grownup. But it is non merely physical comedy. The shutting line â€Å"and got back place safely† creates humour out of anticlimax every bit good as alleviation. The narrative is tenseness built upon tenseness with the consecutive quandaries reminiscent of the subsequent Wile E. Coyote and Roadrunner sketchs created by Warner Brothers in which a famished prairie wolf pursues a fast paced bird with progressively luxuriant stunts in each episode but to no help. However, this construction seems more suited to the image book as even the action of turning the page drives the narrative and dictates a slower gait. The pages serve as a splitter, making little succinct scenes which help construct the beds before the flood tide . The interesting construction is rooted in this integrity of several unsafe scenes married with the shutting line which, like Rosie, seems incognizant that there was of all time any danger. Similarly, John Vernon Lord explains the importance of the coaction between text and image arrangement in his talk sing The Giant Jam Sandwich: †¦ when text and image are depicting the same episode in the narrative I prefer to implement their physical relationship by puting them on the same page wherever possible. The interruptions in the text and the pictural presentation on each page need to follow the natural phases of the plot line. The tempo of the illustrations with the narrative is of the extreme importance†¦ This demonstrates how the narrative, text and image intertwine, congratulating one another in both manner and gait, to make a whole. This will be explored in greater deepness later. The most basic rule of image books is to advance literacy by doing books more appealing to kids. By doing the books non merely visually luring, but by supplying images to help less able readers, literature is made all the more accessible. Cullingford ( 1998, p.12-13 ) recognises that those kids who struggle with reading ab initio can experience like failures at a really immature age which can consequence their relationship with reading for life. They can get down to see literature as sole. By supplying kids with familiar image narratives instead than confusing cuneuss of text, they can slowly construct the foundation for a love of reading which, as their assurance improves, will actuate them to near more â€Å"unreliable† , disputing tomes in ulterior life. Bettina Hurlimann expresses her position that images are the cosmopolitan linguistic communication and therefore embrace all kids irrespective of academic ability or linguistic communication: by optimising handiness kids wi ll hold a healthier relationship with books. Protheroe ( 1992 p.111 ) accepts the premiss of the image book to publicize reading a enjoyable but besides accuses this peculiar avenue of denying the potency of books and linguistic communication by proposing that words merely have one significance. This, nevertheless, seems a small dramatic. Picture books aimed at 0-5 twelvemonth olds larning to read make frequently merely have one significance, any more than that is normally directed at the grownup. For illustration, in The Giant Jam Sandwich the town of Rubing Down is described as â€Å"not a really bristly town† . As they have merely rid themselves of 1000s of WASP, the kid will take that subdivision to intend that the town did non appreciate being overrun by WASP ; they were non pro-wasps. It is improbable that a kid under five would be familiar with the â€Å"petulantly spiteful† definition of bristly but the grownup might deduce some pleasance from the word drama. Hunt ( 1991, p.175 ) accepts and admires the si mpleness of the linguistic communication but feels that â€Å"much of the complexness is expressed by the ocular elements† . He suggests that literary techniques such as metaphor can be much more efficaciously demonstrated through the usage of images although, like Protheroe, he does admit the subsequent hazard that it â€Å"fix [ Es ] words into a restrictive, everyday interpretation† go forthing the kid no room to leave their ain significance onto words ; there is no room for tactic. The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle, in which a caterpillar munches his manner through a regular assortment of tasty dainties, chows two pears. The drama on the word â€Å"pair† and â€Å"pear† was about surely non intended for the three twelvemonth old but instead the individual assisting them to read. In add-on, this peculiar volume can be seen to integrate non merely verbal sleight but mathematical and elements of natural scientific discipline. The caterpillar chows an increasing figure of nutrients, which employs basic numeracy, and later transforms into a chrysalis, so into a butterfly as is the natural order. It seems that without images, this might be a difficult construct to explicate to a really immature kid. The vocabulary required with no ocular assistance might be rather burdensome and estranging ( non least due to the word chrysalis! ) and therefore the images make it a more accessible impression. As Hunt ( 1991, p.176 ) competently notes, it allows u s to â€Å"cross the boundary between the verbal and the pre-verbal† . It allows kids to progress in other capable countries at a younger age. However, Protheroe ( 1992, p.74 ) would reason that kids need to larn to get by with â€Å"uncertainty and accept ambiguity† as it allows them to rehearse illation. Hunt ( 1991, p.181 ) seems to experience that there is a happy medium, nevertheless, in which significance is limited but non prescribed. He feels that this is applicable to both images and words as each signifier can be used in a manner which is stilted or one that opens the floodgates of reading and creativeness. As Hunt ( 1991, p. 185 ) attests the â€Å"absence of words would hold provided a ‘gap' which takes intelligence and imaginativeness to fill† every bit would the absence of images ; working together, both serve their intent. Jane Doonan expresses the importance that pictures talk for themselves and non merely reenforce the words and this impression is the thought of the image book versus that of the illustrated narrative. Moebius ( 1986, p.132 ) articulates that â€Å"in the image book, we read the images and text together as the reciprocally complementary narrative of consciousness† with the â€Å"story ‘behind ‘ the image frequently supplied by the illustrator. He expresses certainty that image books are like any signifier of literature: â€Å" [ the construction ] is non inadvertent or causeless phenomena† . Every word and every coppice shot have a intent. Edmund Evans pioneered the entire design of the image book, doing it a individual cohesive mechanism instead than merely some text with some images. This dichotomy can be seen in The Giant Jam Sandwich in which most of the scenes depict the full town. The moral of the narrative is less to make with the nuisance of WASP and more about community spirit and working together. For this ground, John Vernon Lord has ensured that the bulk of the colorful scenes incorporate most of the town, each making their occupation: from the little miss with pigtails heaving one little jar of jam along ; to the adult male crouching, seeking to acquire a exposure of the bread transit for descendants. It is these bantam inside informations that engage the kid clip after clip – every bit good as the grownup. John Vernon Lord criticises his ain work in his talk, nevertheless, claiming â€Å"with hindsight I feel that the color strategy adopted for these images is excessively similar throughout the book† and it is with changeless fluctuation and bustling images that a kid becomes entranced. However, the images do non hold to be busy to be exciting. Rosie ‘s Walk employs apparently simplistic illustrations and, although attending is paid to the background action, the focal point is far more on the fox and the biddy. These two characters are at the head of most of the scenes with the on occasion cameo from characters, such as the caprine animal, who hover in the background. This, like in The Giant Jam Sandwich, mimics the content of the piece which is really self-contained about Rosie ‘s motions. She does non prosecute with the other characters and neither does the text. The manner is besides much more fantastical with the big overdone ears of the fox and the bold usage of coloring material contrasts. The vivacious yellows and pinks clash in the most aesthetically delighting manner which provides ocular stimulation for the kid. They are unusual color combinations, new and challenging. Similarly, the bulblike trees are decorated with apples in regimented lines instead than the natural sporadic sprinkling ; the all right line between faithful readings of familiar images with phantasy has been attractively encapsulated. Furthermore The Sick Cow, by H.E. Todd and Val Biro, follow all the hushed browns of a arcadian Eden. Of the three books, this is the most ‘realistic ‘ in manner as The Giant Jam Sandwich shies from excessively much facial item with the concentration being on big, busy scenes. Biro specializes in item from the pace of the tractor tyres to the mane of the Equus caballus although allows the background leaf to film over into rural repose. Queerly, nevertheless, despite being the most visually ‘naturalistic ‘ , its content is possibly the most irregular covering, as it does, the complaints of a barking cow who is cured by sitting in some nettles. However, in The Sick Cow, although the images attractively capture the provincial scenery, they do basically exemplify the text. There is no sense, as Moebius ( 1986, p.137 ) demands, of the â€Å"unseen over the seen† as with Rosie ‘s Walk. The same could, possibly, be said of The Giant Jam Sandwich ; the di fference being that, in the latter, there is merely lots to see. Fisher ( 2005, p. 192 ) rallies the benefits of exposing kids to images as â€Å"art can assist assimilation by developing perceptual sensitiveness and favoritism through the survey of signifier, coloring material, form and texture† . This suggests that the blurring in The Sick Cow or the plangency of The Giant Jam Sandwich could supply stimulation which specifically develops the academic capacity of the kid. Pat Hutchins, writer of Rosie ‘s Walk, is besides responsible for The House That Sailed Away and I ‘m the King of the Castle: and Other Plaies for Children which are far wordier illustrations of kids ‘s literature, set out as dramas. Blythe ( 2005, p.82 ) notes that promoting kids to joint is important for development every bit vocal experience supports larning by integrating linguistic communication into the ego. Similar encouragement can be seen in the direct address in The Giant Jam Sandwich every bit good as the animate being noises in The Sick Cow. Learning is believed to be received through the senses and therefore books which encourage verbal interaction are good as are image books which engage the ocular sense. In add-on to art and vocal experience, music is considered to be a powerful tool in mental well being and larning showing that stimulation is non restricted to literature entirely. It can be found in a figure of artistic chases. Tame ( 1984 ) lineations Dr. Tartchanoff ‘s scientific surveies into the consequence of music observing that â€Å"music exercises a powerful influence on muscular activity†¦ sounds are dynamogenic† and the pacing of stone music, for illustration, can be damaging to the digestive system. This physical manifestation is seconded by Blythe ( 2005, p. 82 ) who covers the neurological alterations when people sing or speak as a group: †¦ the cardinal nervous system activity becomes synchronal†¦ emphasis endocrines lessening, musculus tenseness decreases, more O enters the system. They feel high ; have a certain lucidity of head and sometimes physical vision†¦ Taking into history the ‘reading aloud together ‘ facet of image books which, harmonizing to this research, stimulates the encephalon for physical wellbeing every bit good as the work on animal acquisition, the image book is potentially an indispensable acquisition tool. Taking this thought farther, the lyrical nature of many image books should besides be noted. For illustration, The Giant Jam Sandwich employs rigorous pair rhyme strategy: †¦ Bap gave the instructions for the devising of the dough. â€Å"Mix the flour from above and yeast from below. Salt from the seaboard, H2O from the spout. Now thump it! Bump it! Bang it about! †¦ Even if this technique is non straight mentioned to the kid, it is transfusing cognition of beat into their subconscious. This could act upon a love of music which, harmonizing to Dr. Tartchanoff, could be good – depending on the genre. If it developed into a passion for group singing so Blythe surely notes the increased potency for acquisition, modeling the head to a relaxed province of peace and preparedness. If nil else, the poetry makes the narrative flow and engages the senses – which kid would non bask fall ining in with those jussive moods? In the chase of animal stimulation, The Very Hungry Caterpillar can be seen to assail the ocular sense and that of touch. The thick pages display the holes through which the caterpillar has eaten. The kid can jab fingers through the spread and experience as if the narrative is unknoting before their eyes. This is a really tame illustration compared to the modern books which employ sound effects and downy spots. Where does it stop? Books on which the kid can hold a nibble? Possibly the sight of reading itself is being lost in favor of instant satisfaction as is the nature of our society. One must oppugn if this affairs every bit long as kids are being engaged in literature in some manner. And whose face did non light up at the sight of a pop-up book? Making larning merriment and interactive is no new phenomena and should non needfully be seen as endangering. Peter Hollindale ( 1997, p.75 ) has faith that â€Å"children take from a narrative what they want and need† so possibly our changeless use of animal stimulation is ineffectual. Some kids may merely be predisposed to reading and others non regardless of whether books have images. It may merely be a instance of fostering bing endowment by orienting larning to the demands of the single kid. Protheroe ( 1992, p.48-49 ) has farther concerns that image books can be damaging to the development of a kid ‘s memory. She argues that it has â€Å"long been established that in human linguistic communication lexical use involves a nexus between a symbol and a construct, non a symbol and referent† ( p.73 ) . She cites that Bower and Winzenz conducted trials which linked memory to active find and word picture. Although there is a school of idea which rejects the thought that image books stunt imaginativeness, Bower and Winzenz ‘s findings can non be dismissed. Picture books work on the rule of memory association. One of the purposes, every bit good as general stimulation, is to supply the kid with a word and an image which they can associate in their encephalon so that the word and its significance will be easier to retain. Bower and Winzenz suggest that by striping the kid the personal image creative activity, the nexus with their memory will be broken. Word and image association is a common manner to beef up memory keeping as is repeat or the usage of active imaginativeness: using a personal image to what the word signifies to you. There are many recommended alteration techniques because memory plants otherwise from individual to individual and therefore Protheroe may be right in some instances but it seems prudent to presume that image association will besides assist some kids when larning to read. After such drawn-out treatment about the importance of stimulating and progressing the cognition of a kid comes Alfred Adler ( 1998, p.181 ) and his sentiment to encompass the simpleness of kids ‘s books. He recognises that to seek and speed up the acquisition of a kid at a immature age can be counter-productive: â€Å"All mentally indigestible mush ought to be kept out of kids ‘s reading until they have reached a certain age of adulthood. Unsuitable literature may either be misunderstood, or it may restrict developing societal interest† . While Protheroe flies the flag for reading, Adler highlights the possible booby traps of such a stance: the hazard of misconstruing taking to fear or disaffection. And possibly Adler high spots an interesting point about the aging procedure. Betty Friedan ( 1993, p. 50 & A ; p.74 ) explains that societal research has indicated that those who show the most doggedness in keeping on to the values they developed in childhood were mos t susceptible to mental instability later in life. This links with Freud ‘s theories of the importance of childhood and the in which people develop much of their personality really quickly in childhood and subsequent alterations in maturity are frequently no more than superficial. By rushing up this procedure even more by showing kids with progressively complex literature before they have reached that â€Å"certain age of maturity† that Adler alludes to, kids might develop excessively rapidly before they are ready to understand the branchings therefore seting them in a vulnerable psychological place in their grownup old ages. Conversely, if Freud ‘s theories about the importance of childhood development are to be subscribed to, it would besides be unsafe to stunt a child's cognition and understanding at such a important clip in their psychological growing. As Moebius ( 1986 ) notes, the image book should be preserved as â€Å"the last frontier of innocence† and, as such, should non be corrupted by being held under inordinate examination. In the chase of literacy the importance of stimulation must be stressed. An active encephalon will advance literacy or, at least, a thirst for instruction whether that is artistic, mathematical or scientific. Literacy is achieved through developing kids with a healthy relationship with books, whether they grow up to read Crime and Punishment or with a preference for Mills and Boone ; to implement a literary hierarchy would be a presentation of snobbism and artistic ignorance. Literacy is independent from the literary canon. Denying kids colorful images besides seems to propose that ocular art is non every bit valuable as literature which is likewise imbalanced. Children should larn that art is about equality and, although they can encompass their preferable medium, they should non dismiss other signifiers of look or see them inadequate. Uniting literature with images demonstrates the manner in which art signifiers can efficaciously interact. Art signifiers are non sole. Furthermore, if employing images to capture a kid besides inexplicably entwines their head with the text so, what is the injury? Many grownups reserve a particular topographic point in their Black Marias for their childhood front-runners: from Noddy to The Very Jolly Postman ; from The Mr. Men books to The Velvetine Rabbit: their love of reading may be pinpointed to these really personal businesss. It seems unjust to deny immature readers of today these warm, fuzzed memories of bright amusing images and exciting colorss for fright of patronizing them. Children should be allowed to be kids before the age of five instead than invariably forcing them to develop more quickly – if they are ready to progress so that could be nurtured on an single footing. The fact is, with kids, with people even, the manner in which a head works varies from individual to individual so it seems ineffectual to order an overall right or incorrect on image books. The matrimony of text and images will trip the imaginativeness of some kids while others will deduce stimulation from building clay pies in the garden. Modern kids shoul d non be robbed of the colors of artlessness ; even if the modern colors of artlessness come in the signifier of The Tweenies.